Vol 3, No 5 (2024)

the article examines the structural and institutional factors in the development of foreign economic relations between Russia and China. In the modern economy, powerful growth drivers are exhausted and macroeconomic dynamics factors are moving deeper into the institutional environment with the formation of multi-stage relationships and an increase in the speed of economic processes. Therefore, structural and institutional factors of macroeconomic dynamics are becoming the most significant. Under sanctions, Russia is expanding foreign economic relations with China; in 2023, trade between the two countries grew by a record 26.3%. Prospects for further trade growth are also estimated at tens of percent [5]. At the same time, the institutional environments of these countries actively interact. Objective: to analyze and compare structural and institutional factors influencing the macroeconomic development of Russia and China in order to assess the problems and prospects of foreign economic relations between them. Methods: the article uses methods of statistical data analysis, generalization of scientific works of scientists related to structural and institutional factors in the development of foreign economic relations of countries, official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. Results: The importance of mutual trade between the two countries for Russia seems to be much stronger. Concerns about Russia's technological dependence on China are well founded. It is necessary to accelerate the development of import-substituting technologies in the most important industries for Russia. Conclusion: In international markets of Russia, in some cases, it is necessary to use a strategy of expanding cooperation to obtain additional benefits, for example, in the development of international communication channels, and sometimes – a strategy of competition, if our country has something to offer the market, and increased competition is perceived positively.

the article examines the mechanism of the impact of global transformation on socio-economic development using a system-reproduction approach. The main components of the system: the institutional environment, economic policy, investment, innovation and technology, human capital, markets and entrepreneurship, international trade and integration, as well as sustainable development, are analyzed in the context of their interrelationships and mechanisms of reproduction. The author suggests strategic measures aimed at increasing the resilience and adaptability of the national economy in the face of global challenges. The mechanism of global transformation is a complex set of interrelated processes that affect the socio-economic development of a country through the adaptation of the institutional environment, changing economic policy, attracting investment, introducing innovations, developing human capital, supporting entrepreneurship and international integration. These processes lead to significant changes in the structure and dynamics of the national economy, requiring flexibility and a systematic approach to management. Effective management of this mechanism is possible only with a deep understanding of the interactions between all elements of the reproductive system. The study identified the key elements of the country's socio-economic system and the mechanisms of their interaction. Each of these elements has a significant impact on the sustainability of reproduction processes and the adaptation of the economy to external changes. The interaction of the components determines the economy's ability to adapt to global challenges and support sustainable development.

in connection with the new geopolitical situation, Russia faces new challenges, including the development of relations with Asian countries. Thus, India, a country with a similar level of economic development, open to many projects and initiatives, has become one of Russia’s key partners in the East. Despite the long history of cooperation, Russia's trade relations with India have enormous potential for development. India's desire to remain politically independent clearly reflected in its neutrality towards Russia in the face of rising political tensions. In the future, this will strengthen interstate relations on the path to creating a multipolar world.

supply chain risk management is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization and instability of world markets. The complexity of modern logistics networks requires closer attention to identifying, assessing and managing risks that can significantly affect the efficiency and sustainability of processes. The following theoretical research methods were used in the work: analysis and synthesis, comparison, abstraction, specification, generalization and formalization, thought experiment, thanks to which the following tasks were solved in the work: presenting the main stages of supply chain risk management, considering the typology of supply chain risks, suggesting the main directions for reducing risks. Issues of supply chain risk management are of great scientific interest, since they were covered in the works of the following Russian scientists: V.I. Semenchuk, V.A., N.V. Martynovich, O.D. Protsenko, A.E. Brom et al. The result of the work is the definition of the specifics of risk management in supply chains. To effectively reduce risks in supply chains, it is recommended to use an integrated approach that includes cooperation with all participants in the chain: suppliers, distributors and logistics operators. This allows for the creation of a more transparent and sustainable risk management system.