This article presents an overview of the organizational aspects related to the management of the Tambov Diocese of the Central Black Earth Region in the late 1920s. Researchers (both secular and ecclesiastical historians) will undoubtedly be interested in analyzing this administrative system, as it is based on an important source on the history of church leadership of that period. This document, approved by the Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens and his Temporary Holy Synod, is an Instruction on the Procedure for Governing the Diocese for Bishop Vassian (Pyatnitsky) of Kozlov, the temporary administrator of the Tambov Diocese, and other bishops. The author substantiates his conclusions with information from regional archives, scholarly literature, and published memoirs. The first part of the publication is devoted to the reasons for the emergence of this document in the Tambov Diocese. It examines the political and ecclesiastical policies of Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky), as well as the measures he took to retain the clergy within the Church. The confessional geography of the period is also discussed, and the document’s intended audience is clarified. In analyzing the administrative-territorial differences between state and church divisions, the author emphasizes the church administration’s awareness of the local situation. The document’s specificity is emphasized by the names of bishops appointed during that period. The work utilizes a historical-chronological method, content analysis, and systems analysis. For researchers and Church historians, this publication provides an opportunity to understand the context of historical events in church and state life in the Tambov region and serves as a basis for searching for similar sources of information in other dioceses.