This article analyzes the interaction between social capital and formal institutions in the context of compliance with restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. Developing a theoretical framework based on concepts of social capital and institutional economics, the study tests hypotheses regarding the substitution or complementarity of these mechanisms. Drawing on data from the online survey "RoCIRR 2" (more than 10,000 respondents from 61 regions of Russia in 2024), it examines the influence of generalized interpersonal trust and subjective assessments of the quality of public services (healthcare, police, courts) on the population's degree of intolerance to violations of the self-isolation regime. Hypotheses are formulated about the positive effect of institutional quality and trust, as well as their interaction as substitution or mutual reinforcement. OLS models with fixed regional effects and controls show that trust has no independent effect but enhances the influence of institutional quality, confirming complementarity. The results contribute to understanding the role of informal norms under conditions of moderately developed formal institutions, which are characteristic of Russia. The conclusions have implications for policies aimed at increasing the population's readiness to follow government directives in crises, emphasizing the need to strengthen both trust and formal institutions.

В статье приводится анализ взаимодействия социального капитала и формальных институтов в контексте соблюдения ограничительных мер во время пандемии COVID-19 в России. Опираясь на концепции социального капитала и институциональной экономики, исследование проверяет гипотезы о субституции или комплементарности этих механизмов. На основе данных онлайн-опроса «RoCIRR 2» (более 10 тыс. респондентов из 61 региона России в 2024 г.) изучается влияние обобщенного межличностного доверия и субъективных оценок качества государственных услуг (здравоохранения, полиции, судов) на степень толерантности/нетерпимости населения к нарушениям режима самоизоляции. Формулируются гипотезы о положительном эффекте формальных институтов и обобщённого доверия, а также об их взаимодействии как замещении или же взаимном усилении. Модели OLS с фиксированными эффектами регионов и контролями показывают, что доверие не имеет самостоятельного эффекта, но усиливает влияние качества институтов, подтверждая комплементарность (H3b). Результаты вносят вклад в понимание роли неформальных норм в условиях среднеразвитых формальных институтов, характерных для России. Выводы имеют значение для политики по повышению готовности населения к следованию государственным директивам в кризисах, подчёркивая необходимость укрепления как доверия, так и формальных институтов.

social capitalformal institutionstrustCOVID-19norm complianceсоциальный капиталформальные институтыдовериеCOVID-19соблюдение норм

Source of funding: The study was conducted within the framework of the HSE Fundamental Research Program.

Источник финансирования: Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.

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