PhD (Economics), Leading Researcher

кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

glemiach@yandex.ruInstitute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of sciencesФГБУН Институт Китая и современной Азии РАН101120252941171322611202526112025Copyright ©; 2026, Borokh O.Copyright ©; 2026, Борох О.Н.2026Borokh O.Борох О.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rcsi.science/2587-7666/article/view/353825

The paper focuses on the transformation of economic education in China in the first half of the 1950s, when Marxist political economy became part of the official ideology. Among Chinese professional economists at that time the majority had degrees from Western universities. The long-standing estrangement between Chinese “bourgeois” and Marxist economists hampered the task of smooth adaptation of old teaching staff to the new requirements. After a brief debate about the applicability of Western economics in China relates courses were excluded from university curricula. Mastering of the Russian language and Soviet academic literature by Chinese professional economists has led to noteworthy studies on the history of Russian economic thought. Imbued with a revolutionary spirit professors of the recently established People’s University of China have contributed to constructing a new model of economic education by comprehensively embracing the Soviet experience. The task was to move from educating a small number of experts in economics to the mass training of teachers of Marxist political economy, and to establish a collectivist educational system. It was not easy to connect Soviet political economy with Chinese reality when Chinese economists had not yet grasped the new theory, while Soviet experts did not fully understand Chinese specifics. The debate in the early 1950s about the factors of productive forces demonstrated the commitment of Soviet lectures to the Stalinist interpretation, which was not accepted by some Chinese economists. Successes in implementing the Soviet model were questioned within China as an unwanted manifestation of “dogmatism”. Through close acquaintance with Soviet political economy Chinese economists formed their own opinion about it, thus moving from copying to paying greater attention to national characteristics.

В статье рассматриваются процессы реформирования экономического образования в Китае первой половины 1950-х гг., когда марксистская политэкономия стала частью официальной идеологии. Среди китайских профессиональных экономистов того времени доминировали обладатели дипломов западных университетов. Кроме того, плавной адаптации старой профессуры к новым требованиям препятствовало давнее отчуждение между китайскими «буржуазными» и марксистскими экономистами. После недолгих споров о применимости в Китае западной экономической науки, основанные на ней курсы были исключены из университетских программ. Освоение профессиональными экономистами русского языка и советской научной литературы привело к появлению аспектов теории, заслуживающих внимания исследований по истории русской экономической мысли. Ускорению темпов создания новой модели экономического образования способствовало открытие Народного университета Китая, где проникнутые революционным духом преподаватели были нацелены на всеобъемлющее заимствование опыта СССР. От обучения студентов экономической теории немногочисленными специалистами предстояло перейти к массовой подготовке преподавателей марксистской политэкономии, создать основанную на коллективизме образовательную систему. Соединить советскую политэкономию с китайской действительностью было нелегко: тогда китайские экономисты ещё не изучили новую теорию, а советские специалисты не понимали в полной мере китайскую специфику. Спор начала 1950-х гг. о факторах производительных сил продемонстрировал приверженность советских преподавателей сталинской трактовке, с чем не согласились отдельные китайские экономисты. Успехи в освоении советской модели были поставлены внутри Китая под сомнение как нежелательное проявление «догматизма». Близкое знакомство с советской политэкономией позволило китайским экономистам составить о ней собственное мнение и отказаться от её копирования, уделяя большее внимание национальной специфике.

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