酒精中毒对硬膜下出血患者幸存期的影响

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论证。颅脑创伤是法医学中的一个现实问题,硬膜下血肿被认为是其中最危险的一种。在法医实践中,重要的是要了解硬膜下血肿因其体积而异的结果,介绍其病理组织学发展,同时了解大脑变化的本质。

该研究的目的是研究酒精中毒对硬膜下出血患者幸存期的影响。

材料和方法。回顾性研究包括对硬膜下血肿死亡病例的法医学检查(n=42),把其选出两组:1)在医疗救助前死亡者(n=20);2)在医院接受医疗救助者(n=22)。研究人员确定了外伤情况、硬脑膜下出血量、是否存在酒精中毒以及酒精中毒的程度,并根据格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)记录了患者的意识水平。对硬膜下血肿进行了组织学检查,以确定其年龄。

结果。街头创伤和交通事故是导致硬膜下血肿的最常见原因。在52.3%的病例中,血肿与颅骨骨折同时发生;73.8%的血肿与软脑膜出血同时发生;81%的血肿与挫伤同时发生;88%的血肿与脑水肿同时发生。单侧硬膜下血肿比双侧更常见。大多数受害者都有酒精中毒的记录,在医疗救助前死亡者血液中的乙醇浓度大一倍。格拉斯哥昏迷量表中的意识障碍程度与血液中的乙醇浓度(r=-0.701,p<0.05)、硬膜下血肿体积(r=-0.526,p<0.05)和住院时间(r=0.559,p<0.05)之间存在显著相关。

结论。硬膜下出血患者在酒精中毒程度较严重的情况下,通常会在得到医疗救助之前死亡,即使得到救助,结果也往往是不利的,即使血肿体积较小,幸存期也较短。组织学方法是目前确定硬膜下血肿年龄的最佳方法。

作者简介

Nikita S. Averkin

Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination; Penza State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: averkin.n@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8129-9400
SPIN 代码: 7973-2100

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)

俄罗斯联邦, Penza; Penza

Arkadiy P. Stolyarov

Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination

Email: sudmed_penza@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6946-9059
SPIN 代码: 3649-4766

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)

俄罗斯联邦, Penza

Evgeniy A. Kharitonov

Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination

Email: haritonovdoc@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2680-7432
SPIN 代码: 9183-6366

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)

俄罗斯联邦, Penza

Irina S. Zhivankina

Penza State University

Email: izhivankina@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8927-2584
俄罗斯联邦, Penza

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补充文件

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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Subdural hematoma with an established prescription of 12–24 hours. Coloring: hematoxylin and eosin, ×400.

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3. Fig. 2. Blood coagulation under the dura mater with an established prescription of 24–48 hours. Coloring: hematoxylin and eosin, ×400.

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