手骨头闭合性骨折的法医学鉴定

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论证。因为需要确定这些损伤的性质，发生机制，严重程度和长期，所以手骨闭合性骨折的法医方面的研究是特别令人感兴趣的。

研究目的是通过研究手骨头闭合性骨折的形成、过程和结果来评估损伤的严重程度。

材料和方法。研究了在受害者收了钝器创伤的情况下的腕骨头（n=24）和掌骨（n=218）的骨折。

结果。确定了，在腕结构中更常见的是手舟骨的骨折（81,8%），其他腕骨头的骨折是比较少见的（18,2%）。发生手舟骨的闭合性骨折时，尤其是在晚期就医的情况下，会出现假关节和无菌性坏死的并发症，同时桡腕关节的功能障碍是特别显著的。在掌骨中最常见的是掌骨近端骨骺的关节周围骨折（49,1%）、关节内骨折（26,6%）、关节周围的骨骺骨折（20,6%）。在掌骨骨折的长期治疗期间，手指挛缩的并发症最常发生在关节内、粉碎性和横断性骨折。

结论。孤立的无并发症闭合性腕骨头的骨折被视为轻中度损伤。同时，舟状骨骨折，并发假关节和无菌性坏死，腕关节功能严重受损，甚至不能活动，在功能上是不利的，按照丧失一般劳动能力的标准，可以定为严重的身体伤害。并发性和无并发性的腕骨头症闭合性骨折的严重程度被视为轻中度损伤。

作者简介

Sayit I. Indiaminov

Samarkand State Medical Institute

Email: sayit.indiaminov@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9735-0338

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

乌兹别克斯坦, Samarqand

Iskandar Shopulatov

Samarkand State Medical Institute

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: iskandar_1986@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5004-3071
乌兹别克斯坦, Samarqand

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2. Fig. 1. X-ray of the right hand, frontal projection. Patient M., 28 years old, a fall on a surface, diagnosis: “Stale vertical incomplete fracture of the navicular bone of the right hand (type A2); time limit15 days” (the fracture site is indicated by an arrow).

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3. Fig. 2. Radiographs of the right hand in frontal and lateral projections. Patient А., 31 years old, falling onto a plane while walking and running, diagnosis: «Closed fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal bone of the right hand. 2 days old» (arrows).

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