Biochemical and histopathological indicators of postmortem interval estimation in freshwater drowning: an integrative forensic approach (an experimental study)
- Authors: Aflanie I.1, Nurikhwan P.W.1, Habibah A.U.1, Rahmadina N.A.1, Oktaviyanti I.K.1
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Affiliations:
- Lambung Mangkurat University
- Issue: Vol 11, No 3 (2025)
- Pages: 223-235
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2411-8729/article/view/355558
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16288
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EQLHGO
- ID: 355558
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of post-mortem intervals in drowning cases remains challenging in forensic investigations due to limited reliable biochemical and histopathological markers, particularly in freshwater environments.
AIM: To evaluate the biochemical (blood glucose, muscle glycogen, and lactate dehydrogenase activity) and histopathological (lung tissue damage) indicators for estimating postmortem interval in freshwater drowning as part of an integrative forensic approach.
METHODS: This study is an experimental, randomized controlled study. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats (average weight 200–250 g) were divided into five groups: one control group and four drowning groups observed at intervals of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-mortem. This study evaluates metabolic parameters, including blood glucose, muscle glycogen, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and lung histopathology.
RESULTS: Biochemical analysis revealed a significant progressive decline in glucose (p < 0.01) and glycogen levels (p < 0.001) and a substantial increase in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity (p < 0.001) over time. Regression analyses showed strong predictive relationships (R²: glucose = 0.88, glycogen = 0.98, lactate dehydrogenase = 0.75). Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were very large for all biochemical parameters (glucose = 5.19, glycogen = 10.12, lactate dehydrogenase = 17.73). Histopathological examination revealed a clear, time-dependent progression of lung tissue damage, from mild interalveolar septum thickening to severe edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation, correlating with biochemical changes.
CONCLUSION: These integrated biochemical and histopathological findings provide forensic investigators with reliable and objective biomarkers to more precisely estimate post-mortem intervals in freshwater drowning cases. Clinically, the identified markers could inform assessment and management of near-drowning patients, guiding therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating lung injury and metabolic disorders.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Iwan Aflanie
Lambung Mangkurat University
Author for correspondence.
Email: iwanaflanie73@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-8926-1233
Indonesia, Banjarmasin
Pandji W. Nurikhwan
Lambung Mangkurat University
Email: pandji.winata@ulm.ac.id
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1921-3172
Indonesia, Banjarmasin
Adelia U. Habibah
Lambung Mangkurat University
Email: adeliahabibah977@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9448-5991
Indonesia, Banjarmasin
Naila A. Rahmadina
Lambung Mangkurat University
Email: nailamrhr@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-0018-9223
Indonesia, Banjarmasin
Ika K. Oktaviyanti
Lambung Mangkurat University
Email: ikoktaviyanti@ulm.ac.id
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8487-6792
Indonesia, Banjarmasin
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