Пандемия COVID-19: правовые, криминологические и медико-социальные аспекты
- Авторы: Клебанов Л.Р.1, Полубинская С.В.2
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Учреждения:
- Российский университет дружбы народов
- Институт государства и права РАН
- Выпуск: Том 27, № 3 (2023)
- Страницы: 785-804
- Раздел: УГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО И КРИМИНОЛОГИЯ
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2313-2337/article/view/327307
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-3-785-804
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IRXXLP
- ID: 327307
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Аннотация
Анализируется влияние пандемии COVID-19, объявленной ВОЗ в марте 2020 г., на правотворчество, преступность и психическое здоровье населения, включая уязвимые группы (дети и подростки, заключенные, медицинские работники). В исследовании использован междисциплинарный исследовательский подход, применены сравнительно-правовой, исторический, формально-юридический методы. На примерах ряда государств описываются противоэпидемические меры, направленные на сдерживание глобального распространения вируса и прерывание путей его передачи. Правовую основу подобных мер составляют, главным образом, акты органов исполнительной власти и решения местных властей, принимаемые в соответствии с национальными законами в области профилактики и борьбы с инфекционными заболеваниями и реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации. Подробно рассматриваются правовые инструменты, использованные в противодействии пандемии в Российской Федерации, в том числе изменения и дополнения законодательства об административных правонарушениях и уголовного закона. Глобальный кризис, порожденный пандемией, дал примеры эффективных действия государств, но одновременно показал слабые места в организации здравоохранения, в частности труда медицинских работников, находящихся «на передовой» борьбы с пандемией. Недостаточно эффективно проявила себя и международная система реагирования на опасные инфекции, что послужило началу дискуссий о необходимости разработки международного правового документа о борьбе с пандемиями. Как установлено в эмпирических исследованиях, пандемия в сочетании с ограничительными мерами привела к росту уровней стресса, тревоги и депрессии, употребления алкоголя и других психоактивных веществ среди населения, породила новые виды противоправного поведения и негативную динамику ряда уже известных уголовно наказуемых деяний. Внимания криминологов в этой связи требуют изменения в структуре и динамике преступности, условия, им способствующие, а также новые факторы виктимности.
Об авторах
Лев Романович Клебанов
Российский университет дружбы народов
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: solomon70@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1452-9568
доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминалистики, Юридический институт
Российская Федерация, 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6Светлана Вениаминовна Полубинская
Институт государства и права РАН
Email: svepol@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2469-2502
SPIN-код: 2485-5545
кандидат юридических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминологии
Российская Федерация, 119019, г. Москва, ул. Знаменка, д. 10Список литературы
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