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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Computational nanotechnology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Computational nanotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Computational nanotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-223X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9693</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">YUR-VAK</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">380192</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33693/2313-223X-2025-12-4-116-123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FYAFEH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND SYSTEMS OF INFORMATION PROTECTION, INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ИНФОРМАЦИИ, ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of a digital twin prototype for an automated smart grid control system for cybersecurity threat analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка прототипа цифрового двойника автоматизированной системы управления интеллектуальной энергосетью для анализа угроз информационной безопасности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-0988</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5691-8947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mityakov</surname><given-names>Evgenii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митяков</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor; Head, KB-9 Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий, кафедра КБ-9</p></bio><email>mityakov@mirea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Computational nanotechnology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Computational nanotechnology</issue-title><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Yur-VAK</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Юр-ВАК</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yur-VAK</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юр-ВАК</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://www.urvak.ru/contacts/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2313-223X/article/view/380192">https://journals.rcsi.science/2313-223X/article/view/380192</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents a prototype of a digital twin (DT) for an automated control system (ACS) of a smart power grid, developed for the analysis of cybersecurity threats. The proposed architecture replicates the behavior of the control layers of the energy system and incorporates modules for synthetic data generation, attack simulation, anomaly detection, and threat assessment. Experimental validation was carried out in a laboratory environment through the execution of typical cyberattack scenarios (DoS, malware injection, control signal compromise). A comparative evaluation of two configurations – one based solely on real data and the other incorporating synthetic data – demonstrated an increase in F1-score metrics when using extended datasets. The study discusses the limitations of the prototype, including simplified modeling of physical processes and the need for manual verification of generated data. The results suggest the applicability of the proposed approach for testing threat detection mechanisms in smart grid environments.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен прототип цифрового двойника (ЦД) автоматизированной системы управления (АСУ) интеллектуальной энергосети, предназначенный для анализа угроз информационной безопасности. Предложенная архитектура моделирует поведение управляющих уровней энергосистемы и включает модули генерации синтетических данных, симуляции атак, обнаружения аномалий и оценки угроз. Проведена экспериментальная проверка работы прототипа в лабораторной среде с воспроизведением типовых кибератак (DoS, внедрение вредоносного кода, нарушение управляющих сигналов). Сравнительная оценка двух конфигураций – с использованием только реальных данных и с включением синтетических – показала улучшение F1-метрик при обучении на расширенных выборках. Обсуждаются ограничения модели, связанные с упрощенным физическим моделированием и необходимостью верификации сгенерированных данных. Сделаны выводы о применимости предложенного подхода для тестирования механизмов обнаружения угроз в интеллектуальных энергосетях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>smart grid</kwd><kwd>cybersecurity</kwd><kwd>automated control system</kwd><kwd>anomaly detection</kwd><kwd>synthetic data</kwd><kwd>cyberattack simulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальная сеть</kwd><kwd>кибербезопасность</kwd><kwd>автоматизированная система управления</kwd><kwd>обнаружение аномалий</kwd><kwd>синтетические данные</kwd><kwd>моделирование кибератак</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali M., Kaddoum G., Li W. et al. 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