RUDN Journal of Public Administration

The rapid changes in the modern world raise questions about the ability of national governments to manage them in the face of local and global turbulence. The subject of the analysis is the effectiveness of modern governments and the factors determining the ability of the public administration system to recognize and promptly eliminate emerging threats and challenges. The purpose of the study is to construct an effective model of executive power in the context of uncertainty and the formation of a multipolar world order. The research methodology is a binary comparative analysis of the structure and functioning mechanisms of governments in the parliamentary (FRG) and presidential-parliamentary (France) forms of government based on relevant markers and performance indices. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the empirical measurement of the functional characteristics of executive authorities based on markers that determine the level of effectiveness of the public administration systems of Germany and France. The scientific novelty of the study is the empirical measurement of the functional characteristics of executive authorities based on markers that determine the level of effectiveness of public administration systems in Germany and France. The results of the study identify variables that correlate the effectiveness of government functioning in classical and non-classical systems of public administration: methods of government formation and its structure, modes of interaction between the cabinet and parliament, legal investiture of government, type of party system. The practical significance of the study is that correlations have been identified between the effectiveness of the mechanism of functioning of government models and the mode of interaction between the legislative and executive authorities, the way the cabinet is formed and its legal investiture. In conclusion, practical recommendations are formulated to improve the effectiveness of the public administration system in Russia in the context of uncertainty, the implementation of CBR and Western restrictions.

The study examines the mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the field of healthcare and analyzes the level of implementation of the State Program “Development of healthcare in Moscow (Metropolitan Healthcare)”, which allows us to assess their impact on the quality of life of the capital’s population. The study examines the specifics of state policy in the field of healthcare, with special attention being paid to the analysis of the problems of the low level of provision of qualified specialists, specialized equipment and medicines to public medical organizations. The actual causes of the outflow of medical personnel from the public sector to the private sector, as well as the lack of preferential medicines and the shortage of medical diagnostic equipment have been identified. Based on the results of the monitoring of the State Program “Development of Healthcare in Moscow (Metropolitan Healthcare)”, recommendations have been proposed aimed at developing public health policy, including attracting private medical organizations to the public sector under the compulsory medical insurance system (CHI) by evenly distributing the tariffs of medical care provided between the public and private healthcare systems, which It will increase the accessibility of specialized procedures for the population, to balance the number of referrals to public and private medical organizations, and to reduce the professional burden on internists, oncologists, and ophthalmologists. In addition, government subsidies and the development of research and development activities are required for the development of Russian drugs and equipment, as well as the training of scientific, technological and production personnel in the industry in order to import foreign medicines and equipment.

E-Governance is a crucial element of the digital transformation of the state. Amid global digitalization, Russian government agencies strive to enhance the effi of interactions with citizens, businesses, and other institutions. However, despite notable achievements in this fi the implementation of digital technologies faces several challenges, including technical, organizational, and institutional barriers. This makes the study of the prospects and challenges of Е-governance in Russia highly relevant. This study applies content analysis methods to offi documents, including national programs and legislative acts. Additionally, data from international indices (such as the UN E-Government Development Index) and expert assessments are utilized. The analysis is based on statistical information and the practical experience of implementing specifi e-governance solutions across diff regions of Russia. The authors highlight the main security challenges and threats faced by the process of digitalization of government agencies and services in the Russian Federation.

In a dynamic business environment and rising competition, the relevance of assessing organizational management efficiency is increasing. However, business owners and managers face challenges related to data disintegration, leading to flawed decisions. The key issue is the conflation of “efficiency” (goal attainment with minimal resources) and “effectiveness” (degree of goal realization) and the non-representative nature of applied metrics. This threatens organizational sustainability, especially amid regulatory demands. The study aims to analyze modern concepts of organizational management efficiency, clarify terminology, identify key influencing factors, and evaluate measurement methods, integrating economic and social aspects. The methodology combines general scientific theoretical methods, case analysis (examples of vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs) and the Russian healthcare system), and content analysis of academic literature. The author uses concepts of economic and social efficiency, a systemic approach, and tools like the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and compliance control. Four key factors of efficiency were identified: leadership (management support), contextual (external and internal environment), personal (employee motivation), and systemic (technology, processes). The distinction between efficiency and effectiveness was clarified. A multi-criteria approach combining financial metrics (profitability, liquidity) and non-financial indicators (employee satisfaction, reputation) was justified. In cases of VIOCs and healthcare, BSC transforms strategic goals into measurable KPIs, while telemedicine enhances social efficiency. Integrating compliance control into management evaluation is a unique contribution. It is positioned not only as a risk mitigation tool but also as a driver of stakeholder loyalty. Traditional financial metrics are insufficient for assessing long-term sustainability, underscoring the relevance of BSC and social indicators. Adopting BSC, compliance control, and lean production principles enhances competitiveness. Further research should develop industryspecific evaluation methodologies that consider digitalization and long-term planning for the sustainable development of organizations.

This study examines the concept of “hybrid war”. It is noted that this phenomenon is characterized by high complexity, dynamism, and a wide range of strategies employed. The key characteristics of hybrid wars are identified, with particular emphasis on their ability to rapidly adapt to changing conditions and the specifics of particular conflicts. The aim of the study is to identify the key mechanisms of hybrid wars, analyze their impact on state institutions and international organizations, and consider the most significant examples of the 21st century. The research is based on a comprehensive approach that includes the analysis of official documents, reports from international organizations, academic publications, and media materials. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, induction, deduction, and generalization have been applied. As a result, the main features of hybrid wars have been identified, including information attacks, economic pressure, cyber influence, and the use of irregular armed groups. Examples of hybrid conflicts, such as the Syrian Civil War and the crisis in Venezuela, are analyzed. The role of international institutions in regulating such confrontations is highlighted. Special attention is given to the strategies of leading states in hybrid wars, their influence on international security, and the transformation of the geopolitical balance. The ineffectiveness of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms in addressing new challenges is demonstrated. In conclusion, it is noted that hybrid wars are becoming a dominant tool of geopolitical competition, necessitating a revision of international norms and the development of adaptive response strategies to protect national interests and ensure global stability.

The study provides a description of the modern political discourse that problematizes the idea of “Mental revolution”. This concept highlights the idea of gaining sovereignty of development in the emerging multipolar world order. The authors understand mentality as a structure containing levels that imply constructive transformations. The course taken by Indonesia for the “Mental revolution” is analyzed in the article. The author substantiated the need for bureaucratic reform aimed at forming a new mentality and identified the criteria that contribute to the implementation of mental revolution in Indonesia. The study analyzes the socio-cultural characteristics of Indonesian society including the reasons for the formation of negative characteristics of mentality. The dominant role of bureaucracy in the state apparatus of Indonesia leads to pathological manifestations of bureaucratic dominance that are revealed in the article. The selected research methods are qualitative methods and methods of explanatory analysis using the approach of document and literature analysis. The analysis of the current bureaucratic model of governance in Indonesia revealed the main symptoms of negative functioning of bureaucratic structures. The authors highlighted the main characteristics that are necessary for the optimal functioning of the bureaucracy and the formation of a democratic culture in Indonesia. The authors presented concept of optimal governance. The positions of the “Mental revolution” are specified and the factors hindering its implementation are outlined, the goals of the “Mental revolution” in Indonesia are outlined. The authors conclude about the relevance of the concept of “Mental revolution” in the modern political context and the implementation of the idea in the context of Indonesian domestic policy.

After the discovery of oil in the Gulf countries, the number of labor migrants in these countries, mainly from South and Southeast Asia, as well as Africa, increased sharply. This led to the strengthening of the role of English as the language of intercultural communication, including the fi of education: now a signifi number of higher education programs in these countries are being taught entirely in English. This is due to a number of reasons, including the signifi number of foreign (both skilled and unskilled) workers, as well as the desire of the region’s leaders to transform their countries into regional and international economic and educational hubs. This study examines the language policy of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) countries in relation to English language teaching in secondary and higher education institutions. Existing studies, focusing mainly on the topic of globalization, pay little attention to the educational policies of the GCC countries in the fi of teaching English. Considering this fact, the purpose of this study is to identify the features of the state policy of the GCC countries in the fi of teaching English, as well as to identify the factors infl the formation of this policy. By analyzing the legislation and practical methods of implementing the language policy, the dynamics in the fi of teaching English in the countries of the region are shown. We have shown that the GCC countries are currently relying on Western models of education, including English-language higher education, which leads to a number of practical problems. In addition to this, the leaders of the countries of the region are attracting branches of leading Western educational institutions to the GCC countries. The prospects of this study include a comparative study of educational policies in other Arab countries, as well as further analysis of trends in English language teaching in the GCC region. This study contributes to the study of the language policy of the Arab countries and will be useful for Arabists and specialists in language policy.