ISSN (print): 2309-4370, ISSN (online): 2782-3016 Founder: Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education Editor-in-Chief: Oleg D. Mochalov, Doctor of Sc., Professor Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open Included in: Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
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Ecophysiological parameters of strawberry leaves as a part of its adaptive potential
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a hybrid of two american species – Chilean strawberry (F. cilhoensis Duch.) and Virginia strawberry (F. virginiana Duch.), is cultivated almost in all the continents, excluding Antarctica, as one of the most popular berry crops. Its fruits, used fresh and processed, are distinguished by their excellent taste and aroma. Their chemical composition makes strawberries a functional food, for which anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and other effects have been identified. Strawberry is represented in the global assortment by more than 2000 varieties. The 131 varieties were recommended for cultivation in the Russia, 2024. The high varietal diversity of strawberries is determined both by the soil and climatic conditions of their cultivation and the lack of varieties that are simultaneously well adapted to various growing conditions, high-yielded, and produce high-quality berries. Over the past 20 years, 124 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection have been studied in the Zhigulevskie Gardens Research Institute. In the Samara Region, weather fluctuations from favorable to severe abiotic stresses (frost, drought, and extremely high temperatures) make it important to assess the stress tolerance of strawberry varieties. Drought, that combines high temperatures and moisture deficits, is known to affect leaves state, reducing water content and causing osmolytics accumulation, including free amino acids. This article analyzes the results of assessing of free amino acids accumulation in mature leaves phytomass of 16 strawberry varieties for periods with different stress levels (July 2022 and 2024).
Copyright (c) 2025 Antipenko M.I., Petrova A.B., Khismyatova R.R., Kavelenova L.M., Zaika A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Niche modeling, habitat suitability, and range dynamics of the rare myxomycete species of Physarum auripigmentum under a changing climate
Species distribution is undergoing rapid changes in the face of habitat modification and climate change. This raises ecological questions about the processes that governs species ranges and niches. Maximum entropy spatial distribution modelling (MaxEnt) solves this problem by inferring species distributions and environmental tolerance based on the occurrence data. The objective of this study was to create a model of the ecological niche and potential geographic distribution of the rare myxomycete species of Physarum auripigmentum to understand its ecological specificity and distribution patterns. The studied species is an epiphyte and xylobiont, colonizing the bark folds of living woody plants and dead wood. In mountainous regions, the species preferentially prefers tree bark and colonizes microhabitats as an epiphyte. Most areas globally are bioclimatically unsuitable for Physarum auripigmentum, falling below both the 10% and 50% thresholds for species presence. Modeling the potential geographic distribution and niche suggests that the distribution of Physarum auripigmentum is largely dependent on the availability of suitable substrate and microhabitats and that it is undemanding regarding the bioclimatic characteristics of the areas where its macrohabitats are present.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vlasenko V.A., Liu P., Vlasenko A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The results of variety study, introduction and breeding of sweet cherries in the Samara Region
The 40-year results of variety study, introduction, and breeding of cherry cultivars in the Samara Region are presented. The aim of this study was to evaluate introduced and local cherry varieties and elite forms based on the most valuable agronomic and biological traits, and to identify those with potential for commercial production and further breeding use. When breeding sweet cherries in the Samara Region, it is necessary to take into account the differences in its natural conditions. Samara Luka and the central regions adjacent to its territory are most fully suitable for the cultivation of sweet cherries. When cultivating sweet cherries on the southern slopes, the growing season increases by 15–20 days, and in the cold period of winter, it is much milder. Many cherry varieties developed in the middle zone of horticulture are well suited for cultivation in the conditions of the Samara Region. The development of cherry cultivation on private plots and in commercial orchards in the Samara Region to supply the local population with domestic produce holds significant practical importance. Because of the preliminary variety trials, one cherry variety, Sokskie Zori, developed by Samara breeders, was submitted for state variety testing in 2024. Based on the conducted research, three cherry varieties (Nyusha, Olechka, and Liza) were included in the State Register of the Russia. Resistance to adverse abiotic and biotic environmental factors, high productivity, and good-tasting fruits characterizes these varieties. A total of 15 elite cherry forms were selected for primary variety trials.
Copyright (c) 2025 Minin A.N., Sergeev M.S., Bystrova E.D., Maltseva M.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids by narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) in the oxbow lake of the Sok River
The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of accumulation of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb) and metalloids (As, Se) in the aboveground and underground organs of narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) in the conditions of a slow-flowing oxbow lake of the Sok River, formed during the creation of the Saratov Reservoir. The studied oxbow lake is located within the borders of the city of Samara, in its Krasnoglinsky District, where in 2021–2022 field studies were conducted and samples of bottom sediments and narrow-leaved cattail biomass were collected for subsequent laboratory study. Four sample plots were established within the studied oxbow lake for the field studies; a sample plot allocated in the coastal zone of the Saratov Reservoir, in the immediate vicinity of the studied oxbow lake, served as a control. Heavy metals and metalloids were quantified in bottom sediments, rhizomes with adventitious roots, stems, and leaves of narrow-leaved cattail using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Seasonal and spatial differences in the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids by narrow-leaved cattail were identified. Most elements were more actively accumulated in the rhizome with adventitious roots (Cr, V, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Rb) compared to the stems and leaves, which were dominated by Mn and Sr. Ni and Se were practically not detected by the method used in the plant organs. The obtained data indicate that the underground organs of Typha angustifolia L. are a biogeochemical barrier for the most toxic heavy metals and metalloids in technogenically polluted low-flowing freshwater reservoirs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prokhorova N.V., Makarova Y.V., Romanov I.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bioecological characteristics of the lichenobiota of the Chuvash Varmane National Park (Chuvash Republic)
The article presents the results of taxonomic and ecological-biome morphological analyses of the lichen biota of the «Chavash Varmane» National Park, which is a specially protected natural area of federal significance. The national park is located in the basin of the right tributary of the Sura River, the Bezdna River, in the western part of the Shemurshinsky District and is part of the Prisor Forest massif, featuring various types of forests. As a result of literature analysis and field research, a total of 172 lichen species were identified in the national park. According to the taxonomic analysis, the lichen biota comprises 5 classes (Arthoniomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes), 17 orders (Arthoniales, Caliciales, Candelariales, Coniocybales, Lecanorales, Lecideales, Mycocaliciales, Ostropales, Peltigerales, Pertusariales, Pleosporales, Pyrenulales, Sarrameanales, Strigulales, Teloschistales, Trapeliales, Umbilicariales), 41 families, and 86 genera. Among the identified taxa, the class Lecanoromycetes predominates, including 155 species belonging to 31 families and 12 orders; the class Arthoniomycetes is represented only by the order Arthoniales, 2 families, and 6 species, while the class Coniocybomycetes also has just one order – Coniocybales, 1 family, 1 genus, and 4 species. The class Dothideomycetes is represented by the orders Pleosporales and Strigulares. The class Eurotiomycetes includes 2 orders (Pyrenulales and Mycocaliciales). The ecological-biome morphological analysis showed that the lichens of the «Chavash Varmane» National Park belong to endogenic (1 type, 1 class, 1 life form group) and epigenic biomorphs (3 types, 5 classes, 21 groups). An analysis of the field tolerance of leafy and bushy lichens as the most vulnerable to atmospheric air pollution revealed that most of the lichens are found in natural and intact habitats (87%), which confirms the uniqueness and inviolability of the territory of the Chavash Varmane National Park.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sinichkin E.A., Omelchenko P.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introductory study of rare species of herbaceous perennials in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic
This article presents an assessment of the systematic and quantitative composition of a collection of rare plant species, a study of their seasonal growth and development patterns, and their reproductive potential upon introduction to the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. It is demonstrated that some of the rare plant species studied exhibit irregular fruiting and produce defective seeds. The primary focus of the collection of rare and endangered plants at the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, is on species included in the Red Book of the Russia and the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Currently, more than 100 specimens of more than 70 species belonging to 33 families and 53 genera are being studied in the collection of rare herbaceous perennials. The collection is dominated by rare species with rarity status category 3: more than 50% of species are from the Red Book of the Russia and more than 70% of species are from the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Changes in both the species composition and the number of species in the collection of rare herbaceous perennials are noted. Currently, the Botanical Garden boasts the greatest diversity of species in the families Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Orchidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Iridaceae, and Liliaceae. In addition to flowering plants, six species of rare ferns from the families Aspleniaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Thelypteridaceae are cultivated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Skrotskaya O.V., Ryabinina M.L. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphometric response of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. in roadside pine forests to different levels of vehicle pollution
This study presents an analysis of morphometric variability in the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes along a gradient of vehicle pollution (light – local highway, moderate – regional highway, heavy – federal highway) in the Republic of Mari El. Thalli of H. physodes were collected from Pinus sylvestris trees based on their ontogenetic states (v₁ to g₃v) and height on the trunk (butt and trunk zones). The analyzed parameters included thallus diameter, number of lobes, and the number and diameter of lip-shaped and helmet-shaped soralia. The data were processed using logarithmic transformation and three-way analysis of variance in Statistica. A total of 600 thalli were examined. H. physodes exhibits a complex and diagnostically significant morphometric response to vehicle pollution. The most informative bioindication traits are thallus diameter and number of lobes in generative states, as well as the number of lip-shaped soralia in the g₃v state. A comparative analysis of morphometric traits between the two trunk heights reveals a vertical gradient of anthropogenic impact. The obtained data not only confirm the high sensitivity of H. physodes as a bioindicator but also provide deeper insight into the specific morphological mechanisms underlying its adaptation and degradation under chronic anthropogenic stress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suetina Y.G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Paleodemographic analysis as a method for reconstructing the patterns of historical development of the populations of the South Caucasus during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages
The article explores paleodemographic analysis as a method of historical reconstruction applied to the study of ancient populations of the South Caucasus during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The aim of the study is to substantiate the potential of this approach for identifying patterns of demographic processes and reconstructing the age and sex structure of the population based on anthropological data. The research is grounded in an interdisciplinary framework that integrates methods of bioarchaeology, demography, and statistical analysis. A comparative analysis was conducted for six paleopopulations from the territories of Armenia and Georgia, focusing on four key indicators: average age at death (AA), proportion of child deaths (PCD), gross reproduction rate (GRR), and the coefficient of the «active» population (DR). The application of principal component analysis made it possible to distinguish two groups of populations differing in demographic strategies: on the one hand, communities characterized by high child mortality and increased reproductive potential, and on the other, populations with greater life expectancy and a stable share of the working-age group. The results demonstrate that the paleodemographic approach serves as an effective tool for reconstructing historical patterns of social development and for tracing the influence of biological, ecological, and cultural factors on the formation of the demographic structure of ancient societies in the South Caucasus.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bitadze L.O., Laliashvili S.G., Chkadua M.R., Rasia P., Rova E., Bertoldi F., Khudaverdyan A.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stone slingshots from the Adzhiel I settlement in the context of the military and political history of the Bosporan Kingdom in the 1st century BC – 1st century AD
The article examines stone slingshots found during archaeological excavations of the Adzhiel I settlement in Eastern Crimea. The settlement, dating from the 1st century BC to the early 2nd century AD, is located in the Crimean Azov region, on the plateau-like surface of the steep cape of the Adzhiel ravine, in the northern section of the Uzunlar defensive line. The slingshots were classified by their materials and weight. According to the authors, the discovery of the slingshots in a single location and within a single cultural layer clearly indicates their military use. This is supported by the fact that directly beneath the cliff atop which the Adzhiel I settlement was located, a road ran through the second pass in the Uzunlar Valley, and possibly the only bridge in the immediate area over the Adzhiel River was operational. Considering the location of this ancient road, which was supposed to be controlled by the Adzhiel I garrison, as well as the area on the edge of the plateau where the slingshots were discovered, only the use of a slingshot could have forced the fort's soldiers to take cover behind the walls and allowed the enemy army to advance from the west without losses and cross the river and the Adzhiel ravine. If we are talking about such military actions, then this was connected with the Adzhiel I settlement, and could have been the military actions waged here by the Roman protégé Polemon I of Pontus against the Bosporans in the middle of the last quarter of the first century BC. However, it is more likely that these events were connected with the defeat of the border fortifications by the Romans during the Bosporan-Roman War of 45–49 BC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yartsev S.V., Shushunova E.V., Bobin R.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The phenomenon of the centralized plantation in the structure of early colonial economic systems
This article critically examines the traditional historiographic approach, which focuses on the differences in the political and economic structures of some early American colonies and the evolution of these social structures. It is argued that such an emphasis on the uniqueness of each colonial experience creates difficulties in understanding the general constitutional foundations of colonial development, failing to fully clarify the overall picture. As an alternative, a methodological approach is proposed that aims to identify common, similar institutions and conditions among the earliest settlements, such as Virginia, the colonies of New England, and New Netherland. The goal of the study is to identify an initial type of colonial community that can be used as a conceptual model for analysis and comparison at the initial stage of North American colonial history. A further goal of the study is to demonstrate that this initial type, even while undergoing changes, was reproduced throughout the colonial period. Thus, the proposed typology becomes a universal conceptual tool that allows us to systematize and group the entire diversity of early colonial forms for a deeper understanding of their subsequent development, which opens up new perspectives for the comparative analysis of colonial societies in the British Atlantic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Makarov E.P. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional and socio-cultural integration of higher education into urban space (on the example of the State Institute of Public Education in Chita during 1921–1923)
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of institutional and socio-cultural integration of the State Institute of Public Education into the urban space of Chita during the existence of the Far Eastern Republic (1921–1923). The relevance of the study is due to the need to examine the survival experience of academic institutions under conditions of «crisis urbanization» and political instability. The purpose of the study is to identify strategies for the adaptation of higher education to the conditions of «buffer» statehood and to prove the role of the university as a city-forming factor. The methodological basis of the work consists of the approaches of historical urbanism and spatial analysis of the «Plan of the City of Chita» of 1923, supplemented by the study of the State Archive of the Russian Federation funds and periodicals of the Far Eastern Republic. As a result of the study, it was established that the location of the institute in the «stone core» of the city (the building of the former Female Gymnasium) had symbolic significance, legitimizing the new government, and performed a communication function by connecting the railway station with the administrative center. It is proved that in a situation of institutional collapse, the academic corporation transformed into an autonomous economic entity. Through the organization of educational and production workshops (carpentry, bookbinding), independent fuel harvesting, and the development of an agricultural farm, the institute replaced degraded municipal services and ensured food security. The role of the university in the transformation of the social structure is revealed: the State Institute of Public Education served as a channel of vertical mobility for peasant youth and formed a new cultural landscape through public lectures and the phenomenon of an «oral library» It is concluded that the experience of the State Institute of Public Education represents a successful model of revitalization of the urban environment by the intellectual community, which was interrupted only due to changes in the geopolitical situation and the Sovietization of the region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reznikov V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Workers of the Kuibyshev Tram Park who died at the front during the Great Patriotic War, and their memorialization
When we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, it seems especially relevant to address the topic of preserving the memory of the fallen heroes. This article attempts to reconstruct the fate of the workers of the Kuibyshev tram fleet who died at the front during the Great Patriotic War. The years of their lives, the branch of the armed forces and the units in which the tram fleet workers fought, the awards to which they were presented, the front-line paths, as well as the essence and nature of their exploits and the context of their deaths are established. If it was indicated in the documents, then we give the names of the mothers or wives who were waiting for the dead soldiers in Kuibyshev. The article also analyzes the process of memorializing the memory of the heroes of the front, which resulted in the construction of a memorial stele, and later the organization of a memorial to the deceased employees on the territory of the enterprise. The research was based on the published materials of the multi-volume Book of Memory of the Samara Region and documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which were scanned and posted in the information system «Memory of the People».
Copyright (c) 2025 Gorshenin A.V., Yaitsky A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Palestine in the US political cartoons after 1945
The article examines the process of forming assessments of the situation in Palestine in the US periodical press through a visual image in cartoons. The materials of the periodical press allow us to establish how ideas about the causes of the conflict between Arabs and Jews have changed in the information discourse of the United States; how the image of Palestine has evolved. American newspaper publications allow us to assess the initial stage of the Middle East conflict. An analysis of US newspapers demonstrates the peculiarities of the formation of the image of the Jewish and Arab population of Palestine and who fell under the category of «Own». The period after 1945 became one of the determining factors for the public opinion of the United States in choosing priorities in the Middle East conflict. The article clearly illustrates the stages of the evolution of the assessments of the American periodical press after 1945, in relation to the international situation in the Middle East after the Second World War. The study of the specifics of the visualization of the conflict in Palestine details the ideas in the information discourse of the United States about the role of America, the USSR, and Great Britain in this conflict. The plots of the US cartoons form thematic links with the textual materials of periodicals and with films (about Middle Eastern).
Copyright (c) 2025 Buranok S.O., Tuluzakova M.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The development of the educational process in Suvorov military schools during the Soviet period
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the genesis and evolution of the educational system of Suvorov military schools within the context of the Russian history of pedagogy. The central problem of the study is to define the unique historical and cultural role and place of Suvorov military schools within the overall paradigm of national education development. The continuity of the historical traditions of the Russian cadet corps, their transformation, and adaptation to new socio-political conditions are examined in detail. Particular attention is given to the ideological component of educational work and its evolution at various stages of the schools' functioning. The paper argues that throughout their history, Suvorov military schools served as an innovative «testing ground» for testing and implementing advanced pedagogical methods combining intensive general education, specialized military training, and comprehensive spiritual and moral education. Drawing on a wide range of historical sources and archival materials, it is demonstrated that it was within the walls of the Suvorov military schools that the model for the formation of the future officer corps and the state elite with a clearly civic position was developed. In conclusion, the author concludes that the education received at the Suvorov military schools was unequivocally elite. This elitism is determined not only by the strict selection of students, but also by the exceptional intensity of the educational process, its highly sophisticated facilities, and, most importantly, by the outstanding results achieved in the training of highly educated specialists devoted to the Fatherland, whose contribution to the country's development is difficult to overestimate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kokhanov D.F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Model of the influence of the university's educational system on students' professional and value orientations
In the context of introducing exemplary working educational programs in higher educational instituteons, the problem of purposeful use of the educational potential of the university's internal environment becomes particularly relevant. This article is devoted to solving the identified problem by developing and theoretically substantiating a functional model aimed at the systematic use of the pedagogical university's structure for the formation of students' professional and value orientations. The model proposed by the author includes three interrelated stages: diagnostic, content-based, and evaluative-resultative. The diagnostic stage is aimed at comprehensively identifying and reflecting the specifics of a particular university's structure, as well as determining the initial state of students' professional and value orientations. To achieve this, a variety of methodological tools are used, including reflective practices, narrative methods, and author's diagnostics of lifestyle types. The substantive and activity-based stage involves the direct integration of the identified components of the university's culture (traditions, values, and relationship styles) into the educational process. The evaluation and results stage allows us to assess the effectiveness of our actions by recording the dynamics in students' professional and value orientations. The model is a practical tool for analyzing and purposefully using the educational potential of a pedagogical university. The model is flexible and can be adapted to the specific needs of each higher education institution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alekseeva T.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teaching preschool and primary school-age children the basics of elementary technical modeling
The article examines the methodological aspects of teaching preschool and primary school children the fundamentals of elementary technical modeling. Elementary technical modeling is the first step in developing technical creativity and is aimed at developing children's interest in engineering and technology by creating mock-ups and models of simple technical objects from various materials (paper, cardboard, wood, etc.). This is a process in which students acquire basic knowledge and practical design skills, learn to work with drawings and tools, and develop their creative and design abilities. The fundamentals of elementary technical modeling are discussed with preschool and primary school children within the framework of both basic and additional education. The author reveals the age and psychological characteristics of children that determine the stages, content, means, methods, and forms of teaching children the fundamentals of modeling and design. The role of the teacher and family in the early engineering and polytechnical education of children is described. The role of elementary technical modeling as a basis for developing specialized engineering skills at the levels of pre-profile and profile education is substantiated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Barakina T.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A model of methodological support for professional development of a methodologist in the municipal methodological service
The article presents a study on the problem of insufficient scientific and methodological support for the professional development of methodologists in municipal methodological services within the context of modern educational transformations. It analyzes the systemic contradiction between the increasing demands placed on methodologists' professional activities and the absence of a comprehensive training system that considers the specifics of working within a municipal educational system. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of bridging the gap between traditional forms of support and modern challenges such as the digitalization of education and the implementation of project-based and networked work formats. The purpose of the article is to develop and theoretically substantiate a comprehensive model of methodological support for the professional development of municipal methodological service methodologists, ensuring the systematic formation of their professional competencies in line with the current needs of the municipal education system. The research is based on a systematic combination of modern methodological approaches: activity-based, competence-based, person-centered, and andragogical, with a theoretical foundation in the cultural-historical concept and the theory of professional development. A set of complementary research methods is employed, including in-depth theoretical analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature and regulatory documents, modeling and design methods, comparative analysis, and scientific generalization. A distinctive feature of the methodological approach is the integration of the principles of subjectivity, actualization of personal experience, and flexibility of educational pathways. The results consist in the creation of an innovative author's model of methodological support, representing a holistic system of professional development. The article investigates the structural and functional characteristics of the model and defines four key interconnected components: goal-setting, diagnostic, content-related/technological, and monitoring. The system-forming role of comprehensive diagnostics is revealed, enabling the formation of an individual risk profile for the methodologist and the design of personalized educational pathways. It is substantiated that the proposed model ensures the holistic professional development of municipal methodological service methodologists through the implementation of a system of assessment materials and comprehensive indicators of professional effectiveness, including readiness for independent work, engagement in the work process, and motivation for self-development. Conclusions are drawn that the developed model of methodological support is characterized by structural integrity, content flexibility, and organizational adaptability to the dynamically changing educational environment. Successful practical experience in testing the model is summarized, confirming its effectiveness for significantly improving the quality of municipal-level methodological services. The particular importance of the model for addressing current tasks in the development of regional educational systems under modern socio-cultural transformations, including digitalization and the implementation of new educational standards, is emphasized. The potential for further research into the possibilities of scaling the model to other levels of the education system is noted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bakhtiyarova V.F., Kalimullina G.I., Vorontsov A.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immersive technologies: research directions and dynamics
The article is devoted to the analysis of current trends and assessment of the didactic potential of immersive technologies in the process of organizing practical training for pre-service foreign language teachers. The relevance of the study is determined by the contradiction between the growing number of applicants for pedagogical programmes and the persistent staff shortage in educational establishments of Russia, as well as the insufficient level of graduates’ readiness for professional activity and responding to the challenges of the state-of-the-art educational environment. The aim of the research is to identify the level and dynamics of scientific interest in the issue of applying immersive technologies in education. The research methods imply theoretical analysis of scientific literature, generalization, systematization, and bibliometric analysis of data from the eLibrary.ru electronic library and the Scopus database for the 5 years preceding the study (2020–2024). The research results are described, and conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of publication activity in scientific journals on the use of immersive technologies in education. The main trends in the development of immersive foreign language teaching are identified. Special attention is paid to the potential of immersive technologies in developing the professional competence of pre-service teachers and preparing them for independent pedagogical work in educational institutions. The data can be useful for researchers in the field of higher education and can be used in the organization of pre-service teachers` practical training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Budarina A.O., Vakhanova D.T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Chinese folk tale as a means of forming a value-based attitude towards family in primary school students
The relevance of the study is due to the state policy in the sphere of family protection and preservation of traditional family values, which is implemented in the field of education and upbringing, culture, interethnic and interreligious relations, and international cooperation. The scientific problem is the lack of pedagogical conditions for using Chinese folk tales as a means of fostering a value-based attitude towards family among Russian students. The purpose of the study is to develop pedagogical conditions for using Chinese folk tales as a means of fostering a value-based attitude towards family among primary school students. The study used theoretical (analysis, comparison, and generalization) and empirical (testing and questionnaire) research methods. Statistically significant differences were identified using the nonparametric statistical Mann–Whitney U-test. It has been established that the Chinese folk tale is an effective means of fostering a value-based attitude towards family among primary school students under the following pedagogical conditions: forming a holistic understanding of family as a source of human and societal morality through the study of family values depicted in the Chinese folk tale; stimulating an emotional response to the family relationships depicted in the Chinese folk tale; and engaging students in a comparative analysis of the images of family and family life presented in Chinese and Russian folk tales. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the article's materials in the process of educating primary school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Volodin V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Variable training models of moral education counselor at pedagogical university
The All-Russian project, implemented within the framework of the national project «Education», is oriented toward developing the upbringing environment in educational institutions of general and secondary vocational education as well as provides the introduction of the position of moral education counselor. This makes it necessary to solve the problem of finding theoretical and methodological approaches to their training at a pedagogical university. The authors of the article aim to substantiate variable models for training moral education counselors at a pedagogical university, which make it possible to form the readiness of this specialists to solve the problems of upbringing by the means of developing the environment of educational institution and interacting with children’s public associations. The methods of theoretical and comparative analysis are used to determine the specifics of training the specialists in the field of upbringing in Russia and abroad, which helped to present the existing training models. The study proposes a methodological program for constructing models for training moral education counselors, which is based on the ideas of general scientific, paradigmatic, and instrumental approaches. Possible models (targeted, complementary, formative (reflexive), and deficit-based model) of training moral education counselors at pedagogical university are shown. The examples of practices for implementing different models of training moral education counselors within bachelor’s and master’s programs are given in the article.
Copyright (c) 2025 Drobotenko Y.B., Makarova N.S., Churkina N.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of ecological and biological features of plants on the basis of a school botanical garden
The article discusses the methodological aspects of making classes with schoolchildren who attend a biology elective course and study the growth and development of ornamental plants in a school botanical garden and a biotechnology laboratory. The article demonstrates the possibility of students mastering the methods used in scientific research, as well as making statistical analysis of data obtained from observations and experiments. The cycle of school – bachelor’s degree – master’s degree – postgraduate studies is being worked out on the example of a specific interaction between academic science, higher education, and school education. The biometric measurements of ornamental plants and subsequent statistical data processing, the variety assessment of garden roses, phlox, and daylilies, as well as the determination of the stages of organogenesis of renewal buds in ornamental perennials at the end of the growing season, have aroused the greatest interest among students in grades 5–8. The projects of flower expositions and the selection of assortment for the educational garden were carried out by the staff of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the students of the Siberian State University Engineering and Biotechnology, with the aim of achieving a high decorative effect in the flower beds at the main entrance during the main celebrations associated with the end of school (peonies, irises) and the beginning of the school year (garden roses, Korean chrysanthemums). Recommendations are given for the microclonal propagation of Korean chrysanthemum varieties based on the biotechnology module available at the school.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kozlova M.V., Vasilyeva O.Y., Vyshegurov S.K., Kalendar O.V., Karpova E.A., Ambros E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The challenge of visualizing complex biological processes: overcoming cognitive barriers through infographics
This article examines the complex psychological and pedagogical problem of visualizing complex biological processes as a way to overcome typical cognitive barriers that students encounter when studying topics that require a high degree of abstraction. Based on an analysis of modern scientific, psychological, pedagogical, and methodological literature, the need to use infographics as a tool for developing a meaningful and structured understanding of educational information is substantiated. It is shown that various forms of visual aids optimize students' cognitive load, act as external reference cues, ensure the holistic perception of biological systems, and promote the development of visual-logical, analytical, and critical thinking. The article reveals the main pedagogical conditions and principles of using infographics, examines their functions, didactic potential, and the possibilities of integrating them into biology education within the context of activity-based, systems-based, and cognitive approaches. The significant role of infographics in developing students' meta-subject competencies, reading literacy, and scientific literacy is noted. A conclusion is drawn regarding the need for methodological training of teachers in the field of visual didactics and the further integration of infographics into the digital educational environment based on interactive services that ensure a high level of student engagement and independence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Korepanov M.K., Teremov A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formation of motivation of future chemistry teachers for scientific pedagogical research
An analysis of advanced teaching practices reveals that the development of modern, highly qualified specialists begins in school, confirming the relevance of our study on the professional preparation of future chemistry teachers for scientific pedagogical inquiry. Many scholars have noted the development of students' scientific intuition and the faculty's ability to identify students' personal characteristics for this purpose. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed system for motivating future chemistry teachers to engage in scientific pedagogical inquiry, beginning in the first year of study. This long-term study is based on an analysis of advanced teaching practices, scientific and pedagogical literature, and the authors' extensive teaching experience, using empirical research methods. We have tested a methodological system for aligning students' research interests with their own, focused on searching for and analyzing (using critical thinking techniques) information to develop a proprietary chemistry teaching methodology based on the most effective methods and techniques, as well as modern methodological approaches and innovative educational technologies. Specific conditions are identified and an analysis of the application of certain vectors for developing students' scientific and pedagogical inquiry during their professional training is presented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kosmodemyanskaya S.S., Nizamov I.D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
School theatre as a means of enhancing the educational and cognitive activities of teenagers
This article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the characteristics of the educational and cognitive activities of adolescents participating in supplementary education at a school theater. Two identical groups were formed for the study, matched for the number of students (n = 76), their age (13–15 years), gender (32 males and 44 females), and level of academic achievement (average grade point average from 4,3 to 4,5). The first (main) group consisted of adolescents who had been attending school theater classes for 1 to 1,5 years; the second group consisted of adolescents who had not attended such classes. The study included external and internal manifestations of activity in educational and cognitive activities (expert assessment (by 5 teachers) using the methodology of G.I. Shchukina, motives for educational activity and attitudes towards it (A.D. Andreeva), and the level of independence of adolescents (Ch.D. Spielberger – A.K. Osnitsky). Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the indicators of independence and activity in educational and cognitive activities, the desire to acquire new knowledge, productive motivation and a positive attitude towards learning, research skills, and internal satisfaction from the learning process. Statistically significant correlations were found between interest in children's theatrical activities, a positive attitude towards classes, active participation in school theatrical productions, and independence of educational activities, productive motivation, the desire to acquire new knowledge, and the ability to find unconventional solutions to educational problems. It was concluded that school theater can be considered as an effective means of activating the educational and cognitive activities of schoolchildren.
Copyright (c) 2025 Litvyakhova E.A., Grebennikova V.M., Bonkalo T.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The realia of Russian linguoculture in linguodidactic aspect
This work addresses the issue of studying the realia of Russian linguoculture in linguodidactic aspect. It emphasizes the necessity of developing intercultural competence through the parallel acquisition of linguistic units in the native and foreign languages. Special attention is given to the integration of the Russian studies component into the foreign language educational process, aimed at enhancing knowledge of Russian cultural realia and their reflection through the English language. By realia of Russian linguoculture we understand English designations of linguistic units that denote objects and phenomena of Russian culture related to various spheres of Russian life, from intercultural linguistic perspective. The study proposes a thematic classification of realia, encompassing 17 sections that cover different aspects of the country’s life, such as symbolism, history, geography, economy, culture, and traditions. Based on this classification, a model of a thematic glossary has been developed, including translation of and commentary on cultural realia. The experimental part of the research comprised a survey of students aimed at compiling the inventory of realia grouped under certain topics. The results were visualized and compared with the inventory generated by artificial intelligence service, revealing differences in singling out the most significant realia of Russian lingvoculture. The study emphasizes the importance of systematic organization of realia and the creation of a specialized glossary to enhance the effectiveness of studying Russian culture in a foreign language as part of intercultural competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maksimchik O.A., Golovina P.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnostics of the development of the ideological component of the readiness of cadets of the departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for moral self-education: the results of an empirical study
This article examines the empirical aspects of developing cadets' readiness for moral self-education at a departmental university of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. This development facilitates the development of moral resilience in future penal system employees, shaping them into responsible professionals and moral individuals. The article presents the structure of cadets' readiness for moral self-education, including ideological, axiological-motivational, volitional, and behavioral components, and outlines their content. It is substantiated that the diagnostics of the development of the ideological component of cadets' readiness for moral self-education is possible with the use of the conceptual dictionary method and the association method, with the help of which, firstly, the knowledge of cadets about the concepts of «morality», «morals», «professional morals», «moral standards», «professional moral standards», «self-education», «moral self-education» are studied, on which (knowledge) the moral convictions forming the content of the ideological component of cadets' readiness are based, and, secondly, the attitude of cadets to this knowledge. Criteria for the analysis of the concepts presented to cadets using the conceptual dictionary method are defined, allowing to identify the levels of development of cadets' ideas about morality, ethics, etc. It is substantiated that the use of the association method allows to identify the meaning invested by cadets in the content of the concepts of «morality», «morals», etc., the emotional and value coloring attached to them by cadets. This article compares the results obtained using the conceptual dictionary method and the association method during the control and ascertaining stages of an experimental study to develop cadets' readiness for moral self-education. Significant differences were identified between the experimental and control groups, and the dynamics of the development of the ideological component of readiness for moral self-education in cadets in the experimental group under targeted pedagogical intervention were documented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mitrofanov A.O. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theoretical foundations for identifying the components of teamwork experience among secondary vocational education students
The article substantiates the importance of the teamwork experience formed among students of secondary vocational education for their future professional activity. It proposes an interpretation of teamwork as a special type of relationship defined by common values for team members, which take the form of motives for joint activities carried out through effective communication, coordinated efforts, agreed-upon distribution of roles, mutual support, and complementarity of team members' competencies. It is substantiated that the scientific provisions 1) on team interaction as a special type of relationship; 2) on the competencies of team interaction and other concepts that reflect the specifics of working in a team, the content of which is revealed through knowledge, values, and motives, as well as ways of joint action; 3) on various types of interaction experience, the component structure of which is revealed in the combination of cognitive, motivational-value, communicative, and practical characteristics that manifest themselves in people's joint activities, serve as the theoretical basis for identifying the components of the experience of team interaction among secondary vocational education students. The article highlights the cognitive, motivational-value, communicative, and activity components of the experience of team interaction among secondary vocational education students. It is revealed that the cognitive component accumulates the system of students' knowledge and perceptions, ensuring a reflective understanding of the interaction process; the motivational and value component includes values that take the form of students' interaction motives in a team environment; the communicative component involves a dialogical orientation of the individual in communication, ensuring effective team cooperation; and the activity component encompasses skills related to interaction during teamwork.
Copyright (c) 2025 Razumovskaya A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preparing students of a pedagogical university to orient students toward traditional Russian spiritual and moral values
The article reveals the role of a teacher in preserving national identity and forming stable value orientations of the younger generation. The importance of preparing students of a pedagogical university to orient students toward traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is substantiated as a strategic task of modern pedagogical education. The interpretation of the designated training is given as a purposeful, systematic, scientifically and normatively substantiated process of forming in a future teacher a system of personal value-semantic attitudes, knowledge of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, skills and abilities in pedagogical transmission of these values to students, as well as experience in designing the educational process that ensures conscious appropriation of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values by students. The technology of preparing a student of a pedagogical university to orient students toward traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is presented in a sequence of stages: goal-setting stage (strategic and operational goals of student preparation); diagnostic stage (primary diagnostics of the value-semantic sphere of the future teacher). The stage of value-worldview immersion (creating conditions for the student's internalization of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and understanding their personal and professional significance); the theoretical and methodological stage (pedagogical conditions that ensure the systematic mastery by students of the theoretical foundations of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren); the methodological stage (students' acquisition of the skills of orienting students towards Russian traditional spiritual and moral values); the practical stage (involvement of future teachers in the space of real school life); the reflexive and evaluative stage (reflection and final diagnostics).
Copyright (c) 2025 Semenova O.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formation of project-technological activity of university teachers in the context of the digital educational environment
The article addresses the problem of developing the project-technological activity of university teachers in the context of the digital educational environment. It demonstrates that the digital educational environment is not an auxiliary tool but an ontological and methodological continuum within which the professional roles of the teacher are transformed, the logic of pedagogical interaction is altered, and new forms of subjectivity are actualized. The theoretical and methodological analysis made it possible to identify the structural components of project-technological activity (personal, cognitive, and activity-practical), presented in the form of a matrix reflecting their manifestation at the motivational-value, content-cognitive, and operational-activity levels. A set of ways to form project-technological activity (regulatory-legal, methodological, organizational-resource, digital-technological, facilitation-mentoring, reflexive-analytical, and sociocultural) is substantiated, which in their systemic interaction form the architectonics of professional development of the teacher in the digital context. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the ontologization of the digital educational environment as a framework for project-pedagogical action and in the development of an integral model for the formation of project-technological activity that integrates axiological, epistemological, and practical-technological levels. The practical significance of the results is expressed in their applicability to advanced training programs, the development of diagnostic tools, and institutional strategies for the digital transformation of universities. The results of the study make it possible to consider project-technological activity as a strategic resource for the modernization of higher education and the enhancement of its resilience in the context of digital transformation of society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sokolova A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Head of private educational institution of higher education as a subject of creative approach to the pedagogical system development
Effective management of an educational institution of higher education directly affects the success of a university, its reputation, and its ability to meet modern labor market requirements. Private universities are developing in the conditions of strong competition with public and other private universities, which encourages them to improve their material and technical infrastructure, the quality of students’ training, and the use of advanced innovative technologies in scientific, educational, and socially oriented activities. The effectiveness of a private university's activities directly depends on the managerial actions of its head, who knows how to go beyond traditional approaches – to think creatively, find non-standard management solutions, inspire the team to new achievements in educational, educational or scientific activities. The purpose of study is to reveal the specifics of the head's creative approach to managing the development of the pedagogical system of a private educational institution of higher education. The author defines innovative methods, techniques and tools used by the head of an educational organization of higher education in the management of educational process, research activities, the information management system of the university, the sphere of university promotion in the media; professional and personal qualities of a private university head are theoretically justified and empirically revealed based on study conducted among 300 academic and administrative staff members at Kazan Innovative University named after V.G. Timiryasov.
Copyright (c) 2025 Timiryasova A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Specifics of the evaluation of educational activity directions by students of teacher training and other specializations
This article presents the results of a empirical study aimed at identifying the specifics of how students at Russian universities perceive the main directions of educational activities. The relevance of the study is determined by the legislative reinforcement of the educational function of higher education and the need to create a holistic educational environment. The purpose of the work was a comparative study of the evaluations of educational work by students of teacher training and other specializations from five regions of the Russia. The methodological basis was the axiological approach, and the research tool was an author-developed questionnaire. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for statistical data processing. The analysis focused on such priority directions as civic-patriotic, spiritual-moral, cultural-creative, scientific-educational, professional-labor, and environmental education. The results indicate that in teacher training programs, educational work across all directions is implemented more actively and systematically, and student engagement is significantly higher. The specifics of the preferences of future teachers regarding the forms of educational work (educational conversations, integration into academic disciplines, master classes, scientific publications) were identified. The key tasks for improving the educational environment are defined as increasing student engagement through the introduction of innovative formats, expanding career-oriented practices, and the systematic consideration of student feedback. The article concludes that a comprehensive system of educational activities has been established in Russian universities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaladov K.S., Arifulina R.U., Bugaychuk T.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodology for teaching the use of specialized sources and developing analytical thinking in art translation
This paper focuses on a methodology for teaching the use of specialized reference sources and for developing analytical thinking in translators during training for written translation in the field of art. The application of such an approach is particularly relevant today, a time characterized by the pervasive and often excessive use of AI tools. Consulting specialized sources and cultivating the translator's analytical thinking are especially crucial when dealing with texts related to art, as the information in this domain is deeply intertwined with the cultural code of a specific nation and country. Inaccuracies and incorrect use of terminology in translation within this field can lead to significant semantic and cultural distortions. The article describes methods and ways for overcoming the "hypnosis" of automated translation from AI tools integrated into search engines. It proposes a set of exercises designed to foster curiosity and enhance skills in working with reference and background information during training for written art translation. The role of analytical thinking and the translator's ability to utilize specialized literature to justify translation decisions is also considered.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shvets T.P., Klyushina A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Audiovisual approach to the development of the functional-pragmatic competence in translator training
Existing approaches to teaching audiovisual translation in professional linguistic education are liable to description in this paper. A number of specific features distinguishing audiovisual translation from other translation types necessitate the use of a wide range of approaches to conditioning the competency of linguists. Within the framework of the researched functional-pragmatic competence of linguists it is obligatory to identify a key approach to its development. In this regard, we analyzed fundamental approaches to training linguists in professional linguistic education. Having addressed the specifics of audiovisual texts, we analyzed current approaches to preparing students for audiovisual translation. This will allow us to further formulate the main concepts underlying the audiovisual approach to developing the functional-pragmatic competence of students majoring in linguistics. As a result of the analysis of the mentioned approaches, in this paper we attempt to formulate the notion of the audiovisual approach, which has prospects for development in the field of professional linguistic education in the context of technological progress and the continuously increasing number of audiovisual materials marked by modern digitalization and information transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yakovleva V.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0