<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">380893</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2025.10.18-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Isotretinoin safety paradoxes: balancing adverse events with clinical needs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Парадоксы безопасности изотретиноина: баланс между нежелательными явлениями и клинической необходимостью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-5288</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9455-9482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olkhovskaya</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольховская</surname><given-names>Кира Брониславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии</p></bio><email>olhovskaya_kira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-5265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglova</surname><given-names>Larisa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглова</surname><given-names>Лариса Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Rector</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой дерматовенерологии и косметологии, ректор</p></bio><email>kruglovals@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9044-0672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinovskaya</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константиновская</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olhovskaya_kira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8431-5664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Keniksfest</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кениксфест</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Chronic Dermatoses for Adults</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, зав. отделением хронических дерматозов для взрослых</p></bio><email>keniksfest@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский научно-исследовательский институт дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2073-4034/article/view/380893">https://journals.rcsi.science/2073-4034/article/view/380893</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Systemic isotretinoin remains a highly effective standard treatment for severe acne, targeting key pathogenetic pathways. However, its use is associated with a wide range of adverse events, creating a safety paradox. This scientific review analyzes currently available data on the potential side effects of systemic isotretinoin therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Системный изотретиноин остается высокоэффективным стандартом лечения тяжелого акне, воздействуя на ключевые звенья патогенеза. Однако его применение сопряжено с широким спектром нежелательных явлений, создавая парадокс безопасности. В научном обзоре проанализированы имеющиеся к настоящему моменту данные о возможных побочных эффектах терапии системным изотретиноином.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acne</kwd><kwd>isotretinoin</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>adverse events</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акне</kwd><kwd>изотретиноин</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>нежелательные явления</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hay R.J., Johns N.E., Williams H.C., et al. The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(6):1527–1534. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.446</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Williams H.C., Dellavalle R.P., Garner S. Acne vulgaris. The Lancet. 2012;379(9813):361–372. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60321-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kurokawa I., Danby F.W., Ju Q., et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):821–832. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>O’Neill A.M., Liggins M.C., Seidman J.S., et al. Antimicrobial production by perifollicular dermal preadipocytes is essential to the pathophysiology of acne. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14(632):eabh1478. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abh1478</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Agrawal D.A., Khunger N. A Morphological study of acne scarring and its relationship between severity and treatment of active acne. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2020;13(3):210–216. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_177_19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Drake L., Reyes-Hadsall S., Barbieri J.S., Mostaghimi A. New developments in topical acne therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(2):125–136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-021-00666-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Reynolds R.V., Yeung H., Cheng C.E., et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(5):1006.e1–1006.e30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.017</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Круглова Л.С., Грязева Н.В. Современные подходы к терапии акне: обзор клинических рекомендаций и разбор клинических случаев. Медицинский алфавит. 2024;9:61–65. [Kruglova L.S., Gryazeva N.V. Modern approaches to acne therapy: review of clinical recommendations and analysis of clinical cases. Medical alphabet. 2024;(9):61–65. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-61-65</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Reinold J., Kollhorst B., Wentzell N., et al. Use of isotretinoin among girls and women of childbearing age and occurrence of isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies in Germany: а population-based study. PLoS Med. 2024;21(1):e1004339. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004339</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Layton A. The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(3):162–169. https://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.3.9364</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Thielitz A., Krautheim A., Gollnick H. Update in retinoid therapy of acne. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19(5):272–279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2006.00084.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Nelson A.M., Gilliland K.L., Cong Z., Thiboutot D.M. 13-cis Retinoic acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human SEB-1 sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(10):2178–2189. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700289</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Melnik B.C. Apoptosis may explain the pharmacological mode of action and adverse effects of isotretinoin, including teratogenicity. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(2):173–181. https://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2535</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Shi G., Liao P.Y., Cai X.L., et al. FoxO1 enhances differentiation and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(11):1254–1260. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.13775</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dispenza M.C., Wolpert E.B., Gilliland K.L., et al. Systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated TLR-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(9):2198–2205. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.111</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Karadag A.S., Ertugrul D.T., Bilgili S.G., et al. Immunoregulatory effects of isotretinoin in patients with acne. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):433–435. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10949.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Papakonstantinou E., Aletras A.J., Glass E., et al. Matrix metalloproteinases of epithelial origin in facial sebum of patients with acne and their regulation by isotretinoin. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(4):673–684. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23848.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Bagatin E., Costa C.S. The use of isotretinoin for acne - an update on optimal dosing, surveillance, and adverse effects. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13(8):885–897. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2020.1796637</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Vallerand I.A., Lewinson R.T., Farris M.S., et al. Efficacy and adverse events of oral isotretinoin for acne: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(1):76–85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15668</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Landis M.N. Optimizing isotretinoin treatment of acne: update on current recommendations for monitoring, dosing, safety, adverse effects, compliance, and outcomes. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(3):411–419. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-020-00508-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Ornelas J., Rosamilia L., Larsen L., et al. Objective assessment of isotretinoin-associated cheilitis: Isotretinoin Cheilitis Grading Scale. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(2):153-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09546634.2015.1086477</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Cassano N., De Benedittis M., Petruzzi M., et al. Topical Vitamin E acetate for the treatment of cheilitis: a multicentre experience. Eur J Inflamamm. 2003;1:125–128.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Madke B., Shah H., Singh A.L., et al. Oral retinoid-induced cheilitis. Ind J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;2:50–53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Del Rosso J.Q. Clinical relevance of skin barrier changes associated with the use of oral isotretinoin: the importance of barrier repair therapy in patient management. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):626–631.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Bettoli V., Guerra-Tapia A., Herane M.I., Piquero-Martin J. Challenges and solutions in oral isotretinoin in acne: reflections on 35 years of experience. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:943–951. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S234231</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kmieć M.L., Pajor A., Broniarczyk-Dyła G. Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and assessment of hair growth in patients with acne treated with isotretinoin. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013;6:343–349. https://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2013.39432</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Перламутров Ю.Н., Ольховская К.Б. Клиническая эффективность и профиль безопасности системного изотретиноина в терапии акне. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2020;19(5):730–736. [Perlamutrov Yu.N., Olkhovskaya K.B. Clinical effectiveness and safety profile of systemic isotretinoin in acne therapy. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2020;19(5):730–736. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma202019051730</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Melnik B.C. Overexpression of p53 explains isotretinoin’s teratogenicity. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(1):91–93. doi:10.1111/exd.13420</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Prevost N., English J.C. Isotretinoin: update on controversial issues. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013;26(5):290–293. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.05.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Choi J.S., Koren G., Nulman I. Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy. CMAJ. 2013;185(5):411–413. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.120729</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Shin J., Cheetham T.C., Wong L., et al. The impact of the iPLEDGE program on isotretinoin fetal exposure in an integrated health care system. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(6):1117–1125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.09.017</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Uusküla A., Pisarev H., Kurvits K., et al. Compliance with pregnancy prevention recommendations for isotretinoin in Estonia in 2012-2016. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2018;5(2):129–136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40801-018-0135-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Henry D., Dormuth C., Winquist B., et al. Occurrence of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes during isotretinoin therapy. CMAJ. 2016;188(10):723–730. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151243</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Crijns H.J.M.J., Straus S.M., Gispen-de Wied C., de Jong-van den Berg L.T.W. Compliance with pregnancy prevention programmes of isotretinoin in Europe: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(2):238–244. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09976.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Albogami Y., Almadani O., Almohareb S.N., et al. Fetal exposure to isotretinoin in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter real-world data analysis from 2015 to 2020. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2024;15:1–10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986241272822</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Alshiyab D., Marie H.B., Alrawashdeh R., et al. Assessing the impact of oral isotretinoin on the menstrual cycle: a prospective study on predictors of menstrual irregularities. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(5):832. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60050832</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Dalgard F., Gieler U., Holm J.Ø., et al. Self-esteem and body satisfaction among late adolescents with acne: results from a population survey. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(5):746–751. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Huang Y.C., Cheng Y.C. Isotretinoin treatment for acne and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(6):1068–1076.e9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Li C., Chen J., Wang W., et al. Use of isotretinoin and risk of depression in patients with acne: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):e021549. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021549</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Fernandes T., Magina S. Oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and psychiatric adverse effects – a systematic review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2023;42(3):83–90. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Bremner J.D., Shearer K.D., McCaffery P.J. Retinoic acid and affective disorders: the evidence for an association. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(1):37–50. https://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10r05993</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Suarez B., Serrano A., Cova Y., Baptista T. Isotretinoin was not associated with depression or anxiety: a twelve-week study. World J Psychiatry. 2016;6(1):136–142. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.136</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Commission on Human Medicines. Report of the commission on human medicines isotretinoin implementation Advisory Expert Working Group. London: GOV.UK; 2023. Date of access: 20.06.2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-of-the-commission-on-human-medicines-isotretinoin-implementation-advisory-expert-working-group</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Shawky A., Elsheikh M., Elrewiny E.M., et al. Isotretinoin-induced hypersomnia: a cross-sectional study and literature review. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2024;37(8):1–3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ASW.0000000000000187</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Ismailogullari S., Ferahbas A., Aksu M., et al. Effects of isotretinoin treatment on sleep in patients with severe acne: a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(6):778–781. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04095.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Ruiz-Lozano R.E., Hernandez-Camarena J.C., Garza-Garza L.A., et al. Isotretinoin and the eye: a review for the dermatologist. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e14029. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.14029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Clayton J.A. Dry eye. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(23):2212–2223. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1407936</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Karaosmanoğlu N., Mülkoğlu C. Analysis of musculoskeletal side effects of oral Isotretinoin treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):631. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03656-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Pehlivan Y., Kisacik B., Sayiner Z.A., Onat A.M. Inflammatory back pain in patients treated with isotretinoin. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(12):2690. https://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110703</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Eksioglu E., Oztekin F., Unlu E., et al. Sacroiliitis and polyneuropathy during isotretinoin treatment. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33(2):122–124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02532.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Barbareschi M., Paresce E., Chiaratti A., et al. Unilateral sacroiliitis associated with systemic isotretinoin treatment. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49(3):331–333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04334.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Lebwohl B., Sundström A., Jabri B., et al. Isotretinoin use and celiac disease: a population-based cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014;15(6):537–542. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40257-014-0090-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Wright S., Strunk A., Garg A. Risk of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease among patients with acne vulgaris exposed to isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(1):41–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Fraunfelder F.W., Fraunfelder F.T., Corbett J.J. Isotretinoin-associated intracranial hypertension. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(6):1248–1250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.044</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Hareedy M.S., Tawfik K.M. Systemic isotretinoin has an impact on hemoglobin, ferritin, urea, ceruloplasmin, albumin, uric acid levels, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in acne patients. J of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2022;21(11):6191–6198. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15199</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
