<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pharmateca</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pharmateca</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фарматека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2073-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9128</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">368187</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18565/pharmateca.2025.9.8-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Gastroenterology/hepatology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Гастроэнтерология/гепатология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Synergism of iron, vitamin C, and probiotic components in maintaining intestinal microflora and immunity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синергизм железа, витамина C и пробиотических компонентов в поддержании микрофлоры кишечника и иммунитета</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-6322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mubarakshina</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мубаракшина</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>mubarakshina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-4098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Somova</surname><given-names>Marina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сомова</surname><given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>mubarakshina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-7466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batishcheva</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батищева</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>bat13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-091X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dronova</surname><given-names>Yulia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дронова</surname><given-names>Юлия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>y.dronova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-0395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии</p></bio><email>olga.vr9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-7093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepkin</surname><given-names>Daniil I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степкин</surname><given-names>Даниил Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>danya.stepkin.00@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbova</surname><given-names>Zalina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербова</surname><given-names>Залина Ростиславна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Gastroenterologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, гастроэнтеролог</p></bio><email>fallen777angel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh City Polyclinic No. 10</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежская городская поликлиника № 10</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-18"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bionika Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bionika Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Бионика Медиа»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2073-4034/article/view/368187">https://journals.rcsi.science/2073-4034/article/view/368187</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review examines the relationship between iron, vitamin C, intestinal microflora, and the immune system, as well as the rationale for including iron and vitamin C in probiotic complexes. Iron is a key micronutrient involved in respiratory processes, hemoglobin and DNA synthesis, cell cycle regulation, and immune cell function. Iron deficiency is prevalent worldwide and can disrupt both systemic processes and intestinal microbial balance, reducing microbiota diversity and short-chain fatty acid production. Antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases further exacerbate dysbiotic changes by affecting intestinal barrier function and reducing the synthesis of metabolites important for immunity and micronutrient absorption.</p> <p>Probiotic strains can improve non-heme iron absorption by lowering intestinal pH, stimulating prebiotic fermentation, and influencing the function of transport proteins. Prebiotics such as inulin and galactooligosaccharides also increase mineral bioavailability and support the growth of beneficial microflora. Vitamin C acts as a cofactor, enhancing iron absorption and providing antioxidant protection, while B vitamins influence metabolism and are essential for dysbiotic changes in the microbiota. The combination of iron, vitamin C, and B vitamins with pro- and prebiotic components is characterized by a synergistic effect: it improves the absorption of micronutrients, supports the restoration of microbiota, strengthens barrier mechanisms, and promotes increased immune reactivity. The summarized data emphasize the relevance and effectiveness of this approach for the prevention and correction of deficiency conditions and microbial imbalances.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассматривается взаимосвязь между железом, витамином С, состоянием кишечной микрофлоры и иммунной системой, а также обоснование включения железа и витамина С в состав пробиотических комплексов. Железо является ключевым микроэлементом, участвующим в дыхательных процессах, синтезе гемоглобина, ДНК, регуляции клеточного цикла и функционировании иммунных клеток. Дефицит железа распространён во всем мире и способен нарушать как системные процессы, так и микробный баланс в кишечнике, снижая разнообразие микробиоты и продукцию короткоцепочечных жирных кислот. Антибиотики, применяемые в терапии инфекционных заболеваний, дополнительно усугубляют дисбиотические изменения, влияя на барьерные функции кишечника и снижая синтез метаболитов, важных для иммунитета и усвоения микронутриентов.</p> <p>Пробиотические штаммы способны улучшать абсорбцию негемового железа за счёт снижения pH в кишечнике, стимуляции ферментации пребиотиков и влияния на работу транспортных белков. Пребиотики, такие как инулин и галактоолигосахариды, также повышают биодоступность минералов и поддерживают рост полезной микрофлоры. Витамин С выступает кофактором, повышающим усвоение железа и обеспечивающим антиоксидантную защиту, а витамины группы В оказывают влияние на метаболизм и необходимы при дисбиотических изменениях микробиоты. Сочетание железа, витамина С, витаминов группы В с про- и пребиотическими компонентами характеризуется синергидным действием: улучшает усвоение микроэлементов, поддерживает восстановление микробиоты, укрепляет барьерные механизмы и способствует повышению иммунной реактивности организма. Обобщённые данные подчёркивают актуальность и эффективность такого подхода для профилактики и коррекции дефицитных состояний и нарушений микробного баланса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron</kwd><kwd>ascorbic acid</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>intestinal dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>synbiotic</kwd><kwd>bifidobacteria</kwd><kwd>lactobacilli</kwd><kwd>inulin</kwd><kwd>B vitamins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железо</kwd><kwd>аскорбиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз кишечника</kwd><kwd>синбиотик</kwd><kwd>бифидобактерии</kwd><kwd>лактобактерии</kwd><kwd>инулин</kwd><kwd>витамины группы В</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Корниенко Е.А. Микробиота кишечника как ключевой фактор формирования иммунитета и толерантности. Возможности пробиотиков. Медицинский совет. 2020;(10):92–100. [Kornienko E.A. Intestinal microbiota as a key factor in the formation of immunity and tolerance. Potential of probiotics. Medical Council. 2020;(10): 92–100. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-10-92-100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Топол И.А., Полякова И.С., Елыкова А.В. Роль кишечной микробиоты в регуляции иммунных реакций в иммунной системе кишечника в условиях стресса и при модуляции её состава путём введения антибиотиков и пробиотиков. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2022;99(6):722–733. [Topol I.A., Polyakova I.S., Elykova A.V. The role of intestinal microbiota in the regulation of immune responses in the intestinal immune system under stress and during modulation of its composition by administration of antibiotics and probiotics. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii. 2022;99(6):722–733. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-270</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Балашова Е.А., Кондратенко О.В., Шадрина И.Л., Погодина А.А. Влияние концентрации железа в организме на состояние микробиоты кишечника (обзор литературы). Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2021;14(вып. 6):105–112. [Balashova E.A., Kondratenko O.V., Shadrina I.L., Pogodina A.A. The effect of iron concentration in the body on the state of the intestinal microbiota (literature review). Vestnik sovremennoy klinicheskoy meditsiny. 2021;14(issue 6):105–112. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2021.14(6).105-112</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Pham V.T., Fehlbaum S., Seifert N., et al. Effects of colon-targeted vitamins on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiome- a pilot study. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1875774</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sheftel A.D., Mason A.B., Ponka P. The long history of iron in the Universe and in health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2012;1820(3):161-187.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sun B., Tan B., Zhang P., et al. Iron deficiency anemia: a critical review on iron absorption, supplementation and its influence on gut microbiota. Food Funct. 2024 Feb 5;15(3):1144-1157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3fo04644c</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Iddrisu I., Monteagudo-Mera A., Poveda C., et al. A review of the effect of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of children in developing countries and the impact of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev. 2025 Jun;38(1):229-237. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954422424000118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Camaschella C. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):485-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1507104</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>van de Lagemaat M., Amesz E.M., Schaafsma A., Lafeber H.N. Iron deficiency and anemia in iron-fortified formula and human milk-fed preterm infants until 6 months post-term. Eur J Nutr. 2014 Aug;53(5):1263-71. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0629-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Cassat J.E., Skaar E.P. Iron in infection and immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2013 May 15;13(5):509-519. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ватутин Н.Т., Калинкина Н.В., Смирнова А.С. и др. Роль железа в организме человека. Вестник ХНУ им. В.Н. Каразина. Серия Медицина. 2012;24(1024). [Vatutin N.T., Kalinkina N.V., Smirnova A.S., et al. The role of iron in the human body. Bulletin of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series Medicine. 2012;24(1024). (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Beard J.L. Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. J Nutr. 2001 Feb;131(2S-2):568S-579S; discussion 580S. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.2.568S</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ahluwalia N., Sun J., Krause D., et al. Immune function is impaired in iron-deficient, homebound, older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):516-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.3.516</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Новикова И. А. Железо и иммунный ответ (лекция). Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2011;4(30). [Novikova I. A. Iron and the Immune Response (lecture). Problemy zdorov’ya i ekologii. 2011;4(30). (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ni S., Yuan Y., Kuang Y., Li X. Iron Metabolism and Immune Regulation. Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 23;13:816282. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.816282</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Augustine L.F., Mullapudi V., Subramanian S., et al. Infection-iron interaction during COVID-19 pandemic: Time to re-design iron supplementation programs. Kulkarni B. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110173. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110173</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Ekiz C., Agaoglu L., Karakas Z., et al. The effect of iron deficiency anemia on the function of the immune system. Hematol J. 2005;5(7):579-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.thj.6200574</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gera T., Sachdev H.P. Effect of iron supplementation on incidence of infectious illness in children: systematic review. BMJ. 2002 Nov 16;325(7373):1142. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7373.1142</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Stein J., Hartmann F., Dignass A.U. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Nov;7(11):599-610. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ganz T. Iron and infection. Int J Hematol. 2018 Jan;107(1):7-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-017-2366-2 Epub 2017 Nov 16. Erratum in: Int J Hematol. 2018 Jan;107(1):122. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-017-2385-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Хавкин А.И., Волынец Г.В. Дисбиоз толстой кишки: опыт применения метабиотической терапии. Фарматека. 2019;26(1):28–37. [Khavkin A.I., Volynets G. V. Colonic Dysbiosis: Experience with Metabiotic Therapy. Pharmateca. 2019;26(1):28–37. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2019.1.28-37</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Francino M.P. Antibiotics and the Human Gut Microbiome: Dysbioses and Accumulation of Resistances. Front Microbiol. 2016;6:1543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01543</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Mu Q., Kirby J., Reilly C.M., Luo X.M. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017 May 23;8:598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>D’Souza A.L., Rajkumar C., Cooke J., Bulpitt C.J. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2002;324(7350):1361. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1361</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Baryshnikova N., Uspenskiy Y., Novikova V. Microbiota and iron metabolism. Explor Dig Dis. 2025;4:100585. https://doi.org/10.37349/edd.2025.100585</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Vonderheid S.C., Tussing-Humphreys L., Park C., et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Probiotic Species on Iron Absorption and Iron Status. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 3;11(12):2938. doi: 10.3390/nu11122938</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Husmann F.M.D., Zimmermann M.B., Herter-Aeberli I. The Effect of Prebiotics on Human Iron Absorption: A Review. Adv Nutr. 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2296-2304. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac079</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Markowiak P., Śliżewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 15;9(9):1021. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Roberfroid M., Gibson G.R., Hoyles L., et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr. 2010 Aug;104 Suppl 2:S1-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510003363</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Gonzalez A., Gálvez N., Martín J., et al. Identification of the key excreted molecule by Lactobacillus fermentum related to host iron absorption. Food Chem. 2017 Aug 1;228:374-380. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Maawia K., et al. Production of impure prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides and their effect on calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc absorption in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharma Nutrition. 2016;4(4):154-160. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2016.10.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Ghibaudo F., Gerbino E., Copello G.J., et al. Pectin-decorated magnetite nanoparticles as both iron delivery systems and protective matrices for probiotic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Aug 1;180:193-201. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Карпеева Ю.С., Новикова В.П., Хавкин А.И. и др. Микробиота и болезни человека: возможности диетической коррекции. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2020;65:(5):116–125. [Karpeeva Yu.S., Novikova V.P., Khavkin A.I., et al. Microbiota and human diseases: possibilities of dietary correction. Rossiyskiy vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2020;65:(5):116–125. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-5-116-125</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Paganini D., Zimmermann M.B. The effects of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and diarrhea in infants and children: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017; 106(Suppl 6):1688S–93S. https://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.156067</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Ших Е.В., Махова А.А., Красноперова Е.В. Современные стратегии повышения безопасности фармакотерапии железодефицитных состояний. Терапия. 2023;5:156-164. [Shikh E.V., Makhova A.A., Krasnoperova E.V. Modern strategies for improving the safety of pharmacotherapy for iron deficiency conditions. Therapy. 2023;5:156-164. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2023.5.156-164</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Carr A.C., Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ших Е.В., Соловьева С.А., Перков А.В. Синергизм компонентов как основной подход к формированию пробиотического комплекса. Медицинский совет. 2020;(5):120–27. [Shikh E.V., Solovieva S.A., Perkov A.V. Synergism of components as the main approach to forming a probiotic complex. Meditsinskiy sovet=Medical Council. 2020;(5):120–27. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Qin Y.Q., Wang L.Y., Yang X.Y., et al. Inulin: properties and health benefits. Food Funct. 2023 Apr 3;14(7):2948-2968. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2fo01096h</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Alonso-Allende J., Milagro F.I,. Aranaz P. Health Effects and Mechanisms of Inulin Action in Human Metabolism. Nutrients. 2024 Sep 2;16(17):2935. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16172935</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Pandey K.R., Naik S.R., Vakil B.V. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics - a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2015 Dec;52(12):7577-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1921-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Wan Z., Zheng J., Zhu Z., et al. Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health. Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 13;9:1031502. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1031502</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Кузина Л.А., Кайшибаева Г.С. Витамины группы В – возможности мультидисциплинарного применения. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(2):128–131. [Kuzina L.A., Kaishibaeva G.S. B vitamins: possibilities of multidisciplinary application. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(2):128–131. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.2.202239</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Шендрик Л.М., Васильева И.А., Коваленко А.Н., Чалый Н.В. Применение витаминов группы в комплексном лечении больных с заболеваниями органов пищеварения. Гастроентерологiя. 2017;51(11):73-77. [Shendrik L.M., Vasilyeva I.A., Kovalenko A.N., Chaly N.V. Use of group vitamins in the complex treatment of patients with digestive diseases. Gastroyenterologiya. 2017;51(11):73-77. (In Russ.)]. https://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2308-2097.51.1.2017.97875</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
