Volume 10, Nº 1 (2016)
- Ano: 2016
- Artigos: 6
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1995-459X/issue/view/23796
STRATEGIES
Approaches to the Formulation of Russia’s Technological Priorities
Resumo
The paper suggests a model for verifying ways to identify scientific-technological priorities in Russia and suggests instruments for their implementation and correction. Our model for the identification of priorities is based on Russias socio-economic development goals, and takes into account the impact of different scientific and technological development scenarios on the implementation of models of socio-economic arrangement. Based on this logic, a group of technological priorities invariant to the wider spectrum of national economic and social goals is suggested.World economic, social, and scientific-technological trends and their Russian projections are taken as exogenous factors for choosing technological priorities. The suggested approach is based on the assumption that a new system of priorities should ensure support for implementing strategic development goals and tasks in the medium- and long term, and aims to help define these goals and tasks more accurately.As a result, the paper identifies two groups of priorities. The first group outlines the already institutionalized directions of technological development while the second group outlines directions for institutionalization in the near future. The suggested logic is illustrated through analysis of five world trends and their applications in Russia, and we highlight which technologies will be driven by these global trends.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):7-15
7-15
Internationalization of Product-Service Systems: Global, Regional or National Strategy?
Resumo
Highly dynamic market environment, knowledge creation, and technology advancement demands that producers/providers be more efficient and effective in meeting existing and future consumer needs and expectations. In this regard, companies strive as far as possible to diversify a range of proposed products as well as commercialization strategies. Using the case of the music industry, this paper explores the validity of national, regional or global strategies in the provision of a product service system. The authors surveyed over70,000 respondents from 15 geographically spread countries which account for more than 85% of the industrys global revenues.The analysis of the survey results identified a homogeneous group of so-called Out of Touch consumers characterized by a shared attitude: they are interested in and have the money to purchase music, but no longer do so. The authors attempt to ascertain if and how re-engaging the group in music purchase would achieve a significant sales increase. The analysis explores how potential consumers might respond to, or are able to be influenced by, value offerings in 15 different countries. The findings suggest that firms may employ global strategies for supplying products and services, but regional strategies are required to define the appropriate bundles to re-engage Out of Touch consumers.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):16-29
16-29
INNOVATION AND ECONOMY
Quadruple Innovation Helix and Smart Specialization: Knowledge Production and National Competitiveness
Resumo
Investing more in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and the only way to achieve smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. Smart specialization emerges as a key element for place-based innovation policies. The paper explains the linkage between knowledge creation, innovation output and enhancing regional and national competitiveness. We present the six major steps that every nation/region should follow to establish a smart specialization strategy based on the basic principles as described in the EU Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization (RIS3), accompanied by some examples of excellence from the Nordic countries.Special emphasis is paid to issues of applying the Quadruple Helix approach in the context of RIS3. This concept extends the triple helix paradigm by presuming that society is a key actor in innovation processes along with academia, industry, and government. The society is frequently the end user of innovation and thus has a strong influence on the generation of knowledge and technologies via its demand and user function.Our analysis allows us to conclude that a quadruple helix approach is suitable for developing smart specialization strategies despite the greater efforts this entails. There is an urgent need to reconsider measures to keep the momentum generated in the original initiative and demonstrate the value of this exercise. Furthermore, there is a growing need to measure the impact and quantify the value of smart specialization.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):31-42
31-42
Public Sector Supply Chain Management: A Triple Helix Approach to Aligning Innovative Environmental Initiatives
Resumo
This paper argues that in order to deliver greater levels of sustainable performance, environmental strategy should be addressed at the supply chain level and not just at the level of the individual organisation. It demonstrates the similarities between the environmental statements of companies in both the private and public sectors and proposes that public sector organisations, by virtue of their considerable spend with private sector organisations, are in a powerful position to encourage and support environmental initiatives throughout their supply chains. Drawing upon Triple Helix Theory the paper discusses the importance of unifying the efforts of government, industry and academia in order to identify and operationalise innovative thinking in economies. It explores the roles of public and private sector organisations along with universities in developing environmental strategies and practices within supply chains. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are discussed and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is identified as a potential mechanism for structuring and reporting the collaborative environmental improvement performance of supply chains.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):43-52
43-52
Foreign Technology Transfer: An Assessment of Russia’s Economic Dependence on High-Tech Imports
Resumo
The article examines Russias dependence on high-tech imported goods. We improve the OECD high-technology product classification by increasing the level of disaggregation, accounting for new goods, ensuring comparability over time, and differentiating goods by technological level on quite high levels of disaggregation. We describe the major trends in the world market for high-tech goods and identify the leading countries in each sector (most frequently, China, Germany, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and Singapore) primarily by calculating net exports of high-tech goods in these sectors. We also assess Russian competitive positions in the global market for high-tech goods by sectors, applying the newly developed competitiveness index, and measure Russian dependence on high-tech goods imported from countries that recently imposed sanctions against Russia. We show that Russias economy is highly dependent on imports of pharmaceutical goods and medical equipment, machinery and equipment (except nuclear reactors, fuel elements, engines and turbines), and electrical equipment. The sectors with most imports originating from sanction-imposing countries are aircraft, medical and optical equipment, engines and turbines, and pharmaceutical goods. Computers and electronic equipment are at the opposite pole: in these sectors, China is the world leader and the key partner for Russia.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):53-67
53-67
MASTER CLASS
Foresight Applications to the Analysis of Global Value Chains
Resumo
The objective of this paper is to analyse the scope for improving the empirical and methodological foundation of global value chains (GVCs) research and for making relevant political decisions, primarily through applying Foresight methodology. The authors review the major trends of global value chains development, specific features of Russias participation in them, and the necessary steps to increase the quality and efficiency of this participation, in particular in the changing geopolitical context. Special attention was paid to the theoretical, methodological, and empirical aspects of GVC research which are far from adequate (we primarily mean international databases such as TiVA and WIOD developed with the participation of the OECD and the WTO): they need to be supplemented with advanced tools to improve their forecasting potential, as well as their practical and strategic orientation. To this end, approaches which would make it possible to research the interconnections between global processes and trends with regional and national innovation-based development tendencies become of crucial importance. Application of Foresight methodology may significantly contribute to researching the GVC phenomenon, being a major logical step towards creating advanced research and policy tools to mobilise available resources and coordinate stakeholders actions to increase global competitiveness. The paper presents several case studies which describe the practical application of Foresight methodology to analyse Russian participation in various GVCs, giving examples of specific product and service groups. The authors conclude that both full-scale Foresight studies and specific components thereof could be applied for the purposes of GVC analysis, strategic planning, and political decision making.
Forsajt. 2016;10(1):69-82
69-82