Journal of Volgograd State Medical University
ISSN (print): 1994-9480, ISSN (online): 1994-9499 Founder: Volgograd State Medical University Editor-in-Chief: Vladimir I. Petrov, academician of RAS, Doctor of Sc., Full Professor Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open Included in: White List (4th level), Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
Modular fully-connected convolutional neural network: a new method for searching biological active compounds
Relevance: Machine learning methods are widely used today in the search for pharmacological compounds. The nature and internal structure of chemical and biological data are highly specific, and the vast majority of drugs act simultaneously on multiple biotargets. Given this, the development of new artificial neural network architectures for analyzing the relationships between the biological activity and structure of chemical compounds, taking into account the specific nature of chemical and biological information and the interactions of compounds with multiple biotargets, is important and scientifically relevant task. Objective: To create a new architecture for a modular multi-target fully connected convolutional neural network based on correlation convolution of energy spectra of multiple docking to multiple biotargets, for the in silico searching biological active compounds. Materials and methods: Ensemble multiple docking of 234 compounds with antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and 537 compounds with anxiolytic activity into 10 and 22 relevant biotargets, respectively, and the generation of their energy spectra of multiple docking were performed using the original MSite program and AutoDock Vina program. Using the obtained energy spectra of multiple docking, two modular multi-target fully-connected convolutional correlation neural networks were constructed using the original FCCorNet program. These networks describe the dependences of the levels of antibacterial activity against S. aureus and anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds on the energies of their modular neural networks. The accuracy and statistical significance of the constructed neural network models were assessed using correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and threshold classification. Results and discussion: The accuracy of the constructed neural network model for the antimicrobial S. aureus activity was Acc = 78.9 %, with statistical significance p = 3.44 × 10-12. The accuracy of the constructed neural network model for anxiolytic activity was Acc = 61.3 %, with statistical significance p = 6.68 × 10-8. The accuracy of predicting the antimicrobial S. aureus activity exceeds the accuracy of predicting the anxiolytic activity, which is probably due to a more complex systemic multi-target mechanism for implementing psychotropic effects, in comparison with the antibacterial action of chemical compounds. The obtained results prove the high validity of using the new architecture of the modular multi-target fully connected convolutional correlation neural network based on the energy spectra of multiple docking for in silico searching biological active substances. Conclusion: A new artificial intelligence method for in silico searching biological active compounds has been developed: a modular multi-target fully connected convolutional correlation neural network based on the energy spectra of multiple docking into relevant biotargets. Multivariate statistics methods demonstrated high accuracy and statistical significance of the constructed neural network models, reaching p = 3.44 × 10-12 for antibacterial activity against S. aureus and p = 6.68 × 10-8 for anxiolytic activity. The developed methodology can be used for in silico searching new highly active compounds with various types of systemic multi-target biological and pharmacological activity, taking into account their integrated affinity for relevant target proteins.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vasiliev P.M., Golubeva A.V., Perfiliev M.A., Kochetkov A.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Klotho protein as a marker and target for the development of strategies to identify agents that slow aging and the progression of age-related diseases
There is a steady increase in life expectancy and in the number of elderly individuals worldwide. Aging is associated with the rise of age-related diseases and multimorbidity and therefore has become a major medical, social, and economic challenge for the state. This imposes new tasks on the healthcare system, social support services, and the state as a whole, aimed at ensuring healthy and active longevity and at developing new health-preserving technologies and strategies. Multiple pathophysiological processes underlie aging and the development of age-related diseases: oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced autophagy, accumulation of damage to proteins and subcellular and cellular structures, and a decline in the functional capacity of organs and systems. All of this stimulates the development of new strategies for maintaining healthy and active longevity through agents exerting polyvalent effects on the main pathophysiological mechanisms of age-associated changes. The discovery of the gene responsible for the synthesis of the protein that slows aging, named after the goddess who spins the thread of life-Klotho-sparked great interest among biologists and specialists in theoretical and clinical medicine. The geroprotective action is based on the inhibition of four pathways: 1) insulin-like growth factor-1 of the Klotho protein (IGF-1), 2) transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), 3) Wnt and 4) nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB). Their activation is associated with inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, reduced autophagy, immune dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, neoplasia, cellular senescence, apoptosis and premature cell death, a decline in the morphofunctional reserves of various organs and systems, and reduced adaptive mechanisms and resistance of the organism to adverse external and internal factors. The review provides a concise description of the anti-aging protein Klotho, considers its biological activity and the dynamics of its serum levels depending on age and on the functional state of the organism under normal and pathological conditions. It is shown that its serum level can be increased by certain medicinal agents and by adherence to healthy lifestyle factors, including work-rest balance, regular physical activity and sports, diet, healthy sleep, and others. Conclusions: The Klotho protein plays an important role in the regulation of aging processes and the development of age-related diseases and therefore may serve as a target for the search and development of medicinal agents that increase its production for the prevention of early aging and the treatment of age-associated pathologies. The multifunctional Klotho protein may represent a new and economically justified biomarker of aging and an integral tool for qualitative and quantitative assessment of lifestyle, biological age, and overall health status.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tyurenkov I.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organization of structural components of the uterine lymphatic system during pregnancy or in the absence of it (literature review)
The uterus is structurally an unique organ, the endometrium of which undergoes constant cyclical changes with the onset of puberty of the body. Little is known about the presence of lymphatic vessels in the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy or outside of this condition, although the presence of lymphatic vessels in the myometrium and perimetrium has been established. Considering the importance of lymphatic vessels in other organs and tissues, lymph circulation through them can play a key role in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. The aim of the work is to summarize the literature data on the presence of structural components of the lymphatic system in the uterine wall during pregnancy or in the absence of it. The search for literature on the topic of the work was carried out using the e-library and Pubmed databases up to and including 12.11.2025 in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. In the early stages of pregnancy (I trimester), lymphangiogenesis occurs in the endometrium of the uterus, stimulated by cytotrophoblasts and NK cells, which ensures the outflow of intercellular fluid and protects the fetus from triggering a rejection reaction. It has been shown that human trophoblasts produce molecules that promote the formation of lymphatic vessels in the endometrium of the uterus during pregnancy, such as VEGF-C, Ang-2, as well as D2-40 and LYVE-1. In late pregnancy (II and III trimesters), lymphatic vessels are not found in the mature placenta, which may be due to active suppression of their growth (antilymphangiogenesis). At the same time, none of the main lymphatic markers – PROX-1, VEGFR-3, LYVE1 and D2-40 – are expressed by endothelial cells of placental vessels, which suggests that the role of markers of lymphangiogenesis is likely to decrease with the development of pregnancy. The additional experimental studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The lymph outflow from the myometrium and perimetrium of the uterus during pregnancy coincides with that in the absence of it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Morozova E.N., Karpikova A.V., Morozov V.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Retinal microglia: physiological role and participation in pathological processes (review)
Relevance: Microglial cells are resident macrophages of the retina and play a key role in maintaining its homeostasis. The dual nature of these cells as factors in the normal development and functioning of nervous tissue, on the one hand, and their participation in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative processes, on the other, determines the relevance of studying the contribution of this component of innate immunity to the development and progression of pathological processes in the retina. The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature data and summarize the most significant aspects of the functioning of microglia in physiological conditions and in some retinal diseases. Results of the study: during the analysis of literature data, the features of the functioning of microglia cells in a healthy retina were shown, as well as in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Microglia plays an important dual role in the retina, participating both in maintaining its normal functioning and in the development of pathological processes. In this regard, the most promising therapeutic strategies seem to be those that are aimed not at completely blocking microglial activity, but at modulating its pro-inflammatory reactions and increasing neuroprotective potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruchkin M.P., Markelova E.V., Fedyashev G.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The method of dental implantation with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) with milled and anodized tooth neck implants
Introduction: Nowadays, there is a high level of dental diseases among the population, which are the main etiological factors in the formation of dentition defects, requiring their restoration by dental implantation. At the same time, there is often a loss of teeth and pronounced atrophy of the alveolar process, which creates certain difficulties at the surgical stage, resulting in singnificant rehabilitation period increase. Material and methods: The article presents the clinical results of the practical application of dental implantation with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) with milled and anodized implants. A three-year research was conducted in 103 clinical cases, where the patients' age was 50–68 years old. The obtained data were evaluated using the MS Office Excel system. Results: The combination of the positive properties of the dental implantation method with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) with milled and anodized tooth neck implants significantly reduces trauma, increases safety, and shortens the rehabilitation period for patients. In addition, the milled and anodized tooth neck of the dental implants ensures optimal mucogingival integration on the exposed palatal side. This eliminates the need for alveolar ridge reduction and bone augmentation. Conclusions: The practical application of dental implantation method with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) with milled and anodized tooth neck implants clinically confirms the effectiveness due to its low invasiveness and significant reduction in the time required for comprehensive surgical and orthopedic rehabilitation of patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ushnitsky I.D., Semenov A.D., Mikhalchenko D.V., Ivanov A.V., Unusyan O.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of the relationship of salivary and serum homocysteine levels with coronary artery stenosis
A number of studies demonstrate the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with cardiovascular pathology. However, a number of unresolved questions remain regarding the correlation of serum and saliva homocysteine and their relationship to the lipid profile and severity of coronary artery stenosis. Aim: To evaluate the relationship of saliva and serum homocysteine levels with the lipid profile and the degree of coronary artery stenosis. Material and methods: 2 groups of subjects were formed: group 1 included 45 patients with stable angina pectoris of 3 FC, group 2–39 practically healthy individuals of comparable gender and age. The parameters of the general blood test, lipid profile, the level of homocysteine, vitamin B12, serum folic acid and saliva, as well as coronary angiography data were evaluated. Results: In both groups, a positive correlation was determined between serum and saliva homocysteine (control group: r = 0.64, p < 0.001; CHD group: r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between serum and saliva homocysteine and lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Sufficiently high indicators of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were obtained within the framework of the diagnostic value of homocysteine for determining the severity of coronary artery stenosis, the AUC of serum homocysteine was 0.703; saliva homocysteine was 0.659. In general, the obtained values were comparable for saliva and serum. Conclusion: A positive correlation between serum and saliva homocysteine was determined in the group of practically healthy individuals and in the group of patients with coronary heart disease. Significant correlations were found between serum and saliva homocysteine and lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Sufficiently high indicators of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were obtained within the framework of the diagnostic value of serum and saliva homocysteine to determine the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The AUC of serum homocysteine was 0.703; saliva homocysteine was 0.659.
Copyright (c) 2025 Petrov M.V., Burmistrova L.F., Timofeev D.M., Burmistrov M.E., Komissarenko I.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative analysis of the functional results of Weil osteotomy with and without screw fixation in metatarsalgia
Introduction: Metatarsalgia is a widespread pathology of the forefoot, manifesting as pain syndrome and functional limitations. When conservative treatment is ineffective, the "gold standard" for surgical correction is the Weil osteotomy with screw fixation of the fragments. However, this method is associated with the risk of implant-related complications (such as migration, screw fracture, foreign body reaction) and requires a long period of load restriction and rehabilitation. As an alternative, the technique of performing the Weil osteotomy without internal fixation is considered, which potentially allows for reduced recovery times due to the possibility of earlier axial loading. Objective: To compare long-term functional outcomes and the frequency of postoperative complications after the Weil osteotomy with screw fixation and without it. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 146 patients (297 osteotomies) who underwent surgery between 2022 and 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (standard technique with fixation using 2.0 mm Herbert screws, n = 89 patients, 159 osteotomies) and Group 2 (technique without implant fixation, n = 57 patients, 138 osteotomies). The mean follow-up period was 18 months. Outcomes were assessed using the validated functional AOFAS Lesser Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale (LMIS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, as well as control radiography data. All intra- and postoperative complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann – Whitney U test and χ² test (significance level p < 0.05). Results: Analysis of functional outcomes revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups: the mean AOFAS LMIS score in Group 1 was (70.8 ± 15.2), and in Group 2 it was (77.3 ± 12.7) (p = 0.11). Pain intensity on the VAS was also comparable: (3.8 ± 2.1) and (3.2 ± 1.9) points, respectively (p = 0.14). However, the analysis of complications revealed significant advantages of the fixation-free technique: the incidence of transfer metatarsalgia in Group 1 reached 31.5 %, while in Group 2 it was only 17.5 % (p = 0.04). The rate of revision interventions was twice as high in the fixation group (18.0 % vs. 8.8 %, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a statistically significant reduction in recovery time was recorded in Group 2 – (6.3 ± 1.8) weeks versus (8.2 ± 2.1) weeks in Group 1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The fixation-free Weil osteotomy demonstrates long-term functional results and levels of pain syndrome comparable to the classical technique. At the same time, the fixation-free technique offers a number of significant advantages: a significantly lower incidence of transfer metatarsalgia (a 44 % reduction) and the need for revision surgeries (a 51 % reduction), as well as a 23 % shorter functional recovery period. Thus, the Weil osteotomy technique without internal fixation is a clinically feasible and promising alternative to the standard approach, allowing for minimized complication risks and accelerated return of patients to active life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Imankulov M.A., Aliev R.N., Airapetov G.A., Dmitrov I.A., Osnach S.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Echoscopic quality control of performed hernioplasty of inguinal hernia
Introduction: Hernia disease remains one of the most common human pathologies, and the incidence of inguinal hernias reaches 75–80 %. The success of treating patients with inguinal hernias lies in the rational choice of hernioplasty taking into account the anatomical and topographic features of the muscular-aponeurotic structures of the inguinal canal. Materials and methods: During 2018–2025, 220 patients with inguinal hernia were operated on at the surgical department of the State Republican Clinical Hospital of Tiraspol (Transnistria, Moldova), who underwent combined autoplasty of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal with a transverse relaxing incision of the anterior wall of the rectus sheath with retrofunicular and retromuscular autodermoplasty. Of these, 191 patients underwent ultrasound in the pre- and postoperative periods. Results: The thickness of the rectus muscle on the side of the performed hernioplasty reached (19.1 ± 1.4) mm, on the opposite side (17.1 ± 1.25) mm, and in patients with inguinal hernia (15.4 ± 2.9) mm. Conclusions: After inguinal hernioplasty using the proposed method, the contractile activity of the rectus muscle is 10.9 % better than on the opposite side and 19.6 % better than in patients before the operation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paskalov Y.S., Mukhin A.S., Botezatu A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cohort study “Gamification of patients. Doctors' position”: design, methods and data processing
Introduction: The introduction of remote methods in healthcare to increase treatment adherence requires exploring new forms of doctor-patient interaction. One of these aspects is the gamification of patients. In Russian medical science, the phenomenon of patient gamification remains poorly understood, and there is a lack of scientific data on the attitude of practicing physicians to this process. The purpose of the survey is to study the opinion of the medical community about the gamification of patients in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The task is to develop a study design to study the position of doctors towards gamification of patients. Research methodology: The article announces an open, non-randomized multicenter cross-sectional cohort study, which is planned to be conducted in a pilot mode in the Volgograd Region in public and private healthcare institutions. Results and discussion: The study is presented in the form of a survey of specialists with higher medical education who are engaged in real clinical practice. The sample will consist of at least 150 doctors of various specialties from various medical institutions in the Volgograd region. The survey is presented in the form of 15 questions reflecting the age, gender, specialty, work experience in the specialty of the respondents and their attitude to various aspects of gamification of patients, including questions on definitions, monetization, organizational aspects and emotional attitude to gamification. Of particular interest is the attitude of doctors towards the monetization of such interventions, as well as the study of their willingness to personally implement the technique, as well as the identification of potential barriers to the introduction of gamified interventions into the healthcare system. The tasks, methods, data processing and the overall design of the study are highlighted. Conclusion: The presented research design will fill a gap in the study of the perception of gamification by the medical community. The results can be used to develop practical recommendations for integrating gamified interventions into clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prom A.K., Prom N.A., Lutaya E.D., Ivanenko V.V., Voronkov A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological and immunohistochemical changes in lymph nodes in COVID-19: features of BCL-6 and CD138 expression
Lymph node involvement in COVID-19 is accompanied by significant morphofunctional changes affecting both the structure and cellular composition of organs. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive morphological and immunohistochemical study using BCL-6 and CD138 markers on lymph nodes of patients who died from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Materials and methods: Autopsy specimens from 30 patients who died from laboratory-confirmed severe COVID-19 were analyzed. Autopsy specimens from the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes of patients whose death was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection served as a comparison group. Pathological examination was performed using standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, and monoclonal antibodies to BCL-6 and CD138 were used for immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics methods with Prism 10.4.1 software (GraphPrad Software Inc., USA). Results: Under the conditions of the COVID-19 viral infection, an increase in lymph nodes is observed macro- and microscopically, histologically, depletion of lymphoid tissue, loss or hypoplasia of germinal centers (≈90 %), sinus histiocytosis, and microthrombosis are noted. According to the results of immunohistochemical analysis, statistically significant differences were revealed in tissue samples, indicating a decrease in the proportion of large BCL-6+ zones and an increase in small BCL-6+ structures (p = 0.008) in the lymph nodes of patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group. An increase in the total area of large CD138+ clusters and the proportion of small CD138+ structures (p = 0.004) were also recorded. Conclusion: Viral infection causes severe lymph node damage, characterized by destruction of follicular architecture and disruption of immune cell interactions. Lymph nodes in COVID-19 demonstrate a disruption of the germinal response (↓BCL-6) and pronounced plasma cell infiltration (↑CD138), indicating a shift toward an extrafollicular humoral response. These data are important for understanding the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in COVID-19 and may serve as a morphological basis for the development of new immunomodulatory treatment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kalashnikova S.A., Suchilina O.V., Natalchenko D.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The significance of the maxillary sinus volume for planning subantral augmentation and dental implantation (part II)
When planning implant surgery, preceded by sinus lift, it is necessary to study the anatomical and topographic features of the maxillary sinus, specifically its volume, shape, type of pneumatization, the presence of internal bony septa in the sinus floor, and the volume of bone tissue located above the apices of the maxillary teeth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the volume of the maxillary sinus in men and women of different age groups depending on the composition of the dentition by sectioning skeletonized skulls. A total of 254 certified skulls were examined. Subjects were divided into age groups (25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65 years and older) and groups based on the presence and/or absence of chewing teeth, excluding third molars. Research methodology: The 254 skeletonized skulls studied were also divided into three groups: the first included 48 skulls with premolars and molars; the second included 148 skulls with at least one missing premolar and/or molar; and the third included 58 skulls with no premolars or molars. A window was cut into the anterior wall of the sinus in the fossa canina region using a micromotor and a carbide bur to better visualize the internal surface of the maxillary sinus. The width, depth, and height of the maxillary sinus were measured, and the volume of the maxillary sinus was then calculated. Cone-beam computed tomography of the skeletonized skulls was also performed, along with measurements of the width, depth, and height of the sinus and a calculation of its volume. Results of determining the average maxillary sinus volume on dry specimens showed that the largest sinus volume was also observed in men aged 55-64 years, while the smallest was observed in men aged 45–54 years in all three groups, depending on the presence and/or absence of molars in the upper jaw. The sinus volume on the right was larger than on the left in most cases. The loss of molars increases the volume of the maxillary sinus.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gatilo I.A., Sirak S.V., Lenev V.N., Budzinsky N.E., Yurasov A.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Continuous risk management of complications in prosthetics of patients with low clinical tooth crown on the background of surgical correction of the dental gingival complex
Introduction: At a dental appointment, it is advisable for patients to assess the risks of complications in order to prevent the development of a number of dental diseases, such as periodontitis, gum recession, etc. During follow-up visits to patients, according to the follow-up period, it is necessary not only to assess the dynamics of healing of the dental gingival complex, but also to carry out mandatory risk coordination, that is, to document all changes that have occurred since the initial visit. Assessment of the continuous risk management of complications in patients undergoing orthopedic treatment for an aesthetic defect with a low clinical crown of the supporting teeth, the correction of which was carried out by various methods, and served the purpose of this work. Research methodology: In this study, a comprehensive examination and treatment of 231 patients with low crowns of the supporting teeth was performed, which were randomized into 3 groups depending on the method of correction: group I – surgical preparation performed by gingivectomy (n = 75), group II – alveoloplasty (n = 80), group III – gum retraction (n = 76). The risk of complications was assessed at three levels: at the level of the dental gingival complex in the area of teeth with a low crown height; at the level of an individual tooth; at the level of each surface of each tooth. The following parameters were studied: related to the surfaces of teeth – determination of indices – PI, PBI; related to the tooth – the depth of sounding of the dental sulcus and the height of the dental complex; two parameters related to the state of the dentition – assessment of microcirculation and occlusion analysis). Results: The main goal of continuous risk management was to consistently monitor the long-term periodontal health status of a patient with a low crown of supporting teeth after gum retraction and surgical correction methods. After performing one of the surgical treatment methods, first of all, it is necessary to exercise responsibility in monitoring the development of a number of complications. Conclusion: The model we have developed makes it possible to simplify each clinical case in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shkarin V.V., Veremeenko S.A., Makedonova Y.A., Mikhalchenko D.V., Makedonova D.M., Demin D.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quantitative characterisation of Sertoli and spermatogonia cells in magnesium deficiency and its pharmacological correction
The aim of the study was to determine the structural features of the testes in cases of dietary magnesium deficiency and its pharmacological correction. Materials and methods: An experimental study was conducted on 50 outbred sexually mature male rats weighing 200–300 g. Hypomagnesemia was modeled for 12 weeks using a magnesium-deficient diet. The animals were divided into 5 experimental groups. The first group was the control group, animals were kept on a complete diet, the second group consisted of animals with dietary magnesium deficiency, and the third, fourth, and fifth groups received pharmacological correction with magnesium preparations: Magne B6, Magnevitol and Bishofit respectively. Animals from which testes were isolated were randomly selected from the group for histological examination. Microscopic preparations were prepared using standard histological techniques. Morphometric analysis of the testes was assessed using a standard method, determining Sertoli cell and spermatogonial counts. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). Results: When counting the number of spermatogenic epithelial cells and sustentacular cells, a significant 22 % decrease in these cells was noted in the hypomagnesemia group of animals, indicating the onset of degenerative changes in the spermatogenic epithelium. In the experimental groups receiving magnesium supplements from weeks 9 to 12 of magnesium deficiency, a statistically significant increase of 17.5–18 % in the examined cells in the convoluted seminiferous tubules (p < 0.05) was observed, indicating the reversibility of the characteristic structural changes in the testes associated with hypomagnesemia. Conclusions: The study revealed that magnesium deficiency resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of examined cells in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of rat testes. In the testes of rats in the experimental groups receiving magnesium supplements, a restoration of spermatogonia and Sertoli cell counts was observed, indicating the reversibility of the identified structural and functional changes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Snigur G.L., Rudykina V.N., Shcherbakova T.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevention of purulent-inflammatory wound complications in the tactics of planned relaparotomies in patients with peritonitis
Patients with emergency abdominal surgical pathology (EASP) who underwent a single planned relaparotomy (SPR) face difficulties in preventing purulent-inflammatory wound complications (PIWC), since in the interoperative period the wound is subject to hypercontamination by infectious agents from the abdominal cavity. Objective: To improve the treatment outcomes of patients with EASP who underwent SPR by using improved methods for preventing PWC. Materials and methods: Clinical studies were conducted in 103 patients with various EASP who underwent single SPR, including retrospective studies in 64 (comparison group) and prospective studies in 39 (main group). Exclusion criteria included deceased patients. Results and discussion: In the comparison group, PIWC after SPR developed in 46,9 % (30 out of 64) of cases. Before the primary operation and in the interoperative period, standard prevention of wound suppuration was carried out. In the main group, prevention of PIWC in the interoperative period was carried out on the basis of prolonged irrigation of wounds with antibiotics, with anaerobic flora, additional insufflation of the wound with oxygen. In the main group, it was possible to reduce the development of PIWC by 23.8 % (р = 0,021). Conclusions: Improved methods for preventing PIWC in patients with EASP who underwent SPR can statistically significant reduce the percentage of suppuration of postoperative wounds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Klimovich I.N., Maskin S.S., Shmyrev K.A., Golbrah V.A., Derbentseva T.V., Aleksandrov V.V., Orlov D.V., Dubrovin I.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the use of obstetric pessary and cervical cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency
Cervical insufficiency is the main point in the realization of premature birth. The issues of early diagnosis and correction of this condition remain unresolved today. This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in groups of women with cervical insufficiency, which was corrected by obstetric pessary and cervical cerclage against the background of intravaginal progestogens up to 34 weeks of gestation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Romanovskaya A.V., Mysovskaya Y.S., Classov A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Anthropometric parameters and body composition of patients with the malleolar fractures and damage of the ankle joint ligamentous apparatus
The aim of the study was to identify the features of anthropometric and bioimpedancemetric parameters in patients with a lateral malleolus fracture and damage to the ligamentous apparatus of the ankle joint. Materials and methods: The study involved 91 mature men, each of whom underwent an-thropometry according to V.V. Bunak, calculated body mass index, waist/hip index, determined the absolute and relative content of fat and active cell mass, total water, fat-free mass and phase angle by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Using statistical analysis, it was found that in the first period of mature age, the body length of men with ankle fractures is less, and body weight is greater than in a similar age group of men with ligament damage. The thigh girth was determined to be the largest in the group of patients with damage to the ligamentous apparatus. Bioimpedance analysis revealed that in patients with a fracture, the absolute fat mass values were higher, and the absolute and relative active cell mass values were lower than in the group with ligament damage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrates a close relationship between the above parameters and the likelihood of developing a fracture or ligament damage, which emphasizes the relevance of using anthropometric examination and bioimpedance analysis in traumatology and orthopedics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amelchenko A.I., Derevtsova S.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of approximation of finite-element models of transpedicular spinal fixation and their computational efficiency
The work investigates the method of transpedicular fixation (TPF), which is widely used at present in the surgical treatment of various spinal pathologies. The technique allows for correction of deformations and stabilization of the spinal column, while the layout and extent of the metal structure are determined by the nosology and preferences of the surgeon. Biomechanics methods, including computer modeling and numerical calculations, were used to assess the stress-strain state of one of the TPF variants. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the simplified PTK model with the results of standard modeling, and to substantiate the validity of the proposed approximation method for further scientific research. The main objective of the study was to create three-dimensional models of spinal-motor segments and the transpedicular system (TPS), followed by the calculation of their stress-strain state under compression load using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation was performed in SolidWorks Simulation using static analysis to determine stresses and deformations. The study examined a biomechanical model of the lumbar (L1–L5) spine of a patient at the Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery of the Saratov State Medical Uni-versity named after V.I. Razumovsky. Special attention is paid to the balance between the accuracy of the geometric representation of the model and computational efficiency, as well as possible errors associated with sampling and approximation. The results of the study showed that the maximum equivalent stresses arising from a 400 KN load on the lumbar spine in a solid-state non-polygonal model exceed the stresses in the polygonal model by no more than 7–10 %, which is sufficient to assert the possibility of estimating the VAT of spinal segments using a simplified model.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shulga A.E., Korolev M.S., Ivzhenko S.P., Puchinyan D.M., Tolkachev V.S., Shuvalov S.D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphofunctional changes of the skin on the background of the introduction of exogenous pigment
The widespread popularity of tattoos in modern society raises the question of their long-term effects on the human body. Despite the centuries-old history of this practice, the fundamental aspects of the interaction of complex chemical compositions injected into the skin with living tissues remain an area of active scientific discussion. This study aims at a comprehensive analysis of existing scientific data concerning the structural and functional transformations of the skin induced by the permanent presence of foreign color agents. The methodological basis of the work was a systematic review in accordance with the principles of PRISMA. The selection of relevant sources was carried out in international and Russian bibliographic databases with an emphasis on generalizing works – systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This made it possible to analyze the consolidated conclusions of many primary studies and identify universal patterns. The results of the analysis demonstrate that tattoo pigments are not biologically inert. Their administration initiates a complex and prolonged immune response. After a short-term acute reaction, chronic inflammation develops, the morphological substrate of which is persistent lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the dermis. The key cellular element is macrophages, phagocytic pigment particles and forming long-lived cell pools. In some cases, this process takes the form of granulomatous inflammation or leads to severe reactive hyperplasia of the epidermis, which can mimic a malignant neoplasm during histological examination. Special attention is paid to the role of the chemical composition of pigments in provoking specific pathologies. It has been established that certain colors, in particular red, are statistically significantly associated with the development of both benign and malignant proliferative processes. In addition, the risks associated with the destruction of pigments in vivo, including laser tattoo removal, are considered, during which potentially toxic and carcinogenic decay products can form and systemically spread. In conclusion, it is emphasized that tattooing creates a unique and persistent pathological background in the skin, characterized by chronic inflammation and the constant presence of foreign material. This condition requires increased oncological alertness on the part of clinicians and pathologists, as well as the development of strategies for long-term patient monitoring. The data obtained indicate the urgent need for further in-depth and standardized studies for a comprehensive assessment of the long-term risks associated with permanent cosmetic skin coloring.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karymov O.N., Kalashnikova S.A., Mustafayeva N.A., Krayushkin A.I., Dovgyallo Y.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Elemental status as a factor in individualization of cerebral metabolism
The aim of the study was to identify associations between the levels of biologically significant micro- and macroelements in the human body and the expression of standard fNIRS indicators. Research methodology: The study involved students from state universities, native residents of three regions of the European part of Russia: Arkhangelsk and Volgograd Oblasts, and the Republic of Crimea, aged 18–25 years (49 men and 51 women). The elemental status of the subjects was assessed based on the content of biologically significant micro- and macroelements (Al, As, B, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V, Zn) in hair samples. Chemical analysis of the biological material was performed using standard methods of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy at the ANO Center for Biotic Medicine (Moscow). To assess the hemodynamic response of the cerebral cortex in the near infrared range, a Cortivision Poton Cap C20 device (Cortivision, Poland) equipped with 20 optodes (10 sources and 10 detectors) with a sampling frequency of 7.8125 Hz was used. Statistical processing of the results was performed in SPSS for Windows (ver. 20). The results of the study: The obtained results showed that hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral circulation, reflecting the overall level of metabolic activation, is directly related to the content of essential cationic macronutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and inversely related to the content of heavy metals and toxicants (Pb, Hg, Sn, As, Ni). Conclusion: These data necessitate further development of individualized cerebral metabolism based on the body's elemental status, particularly for individuals with cardiometabolic and neurocognitive disorders. Furthermore, the potential for widespread implementation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in research and clinical practice as a simple and effective method for neuroimaging brain function is demonstrated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shatyr Y.A., Kunavin M.A., Ulesikova I.V., Emelianov Y.A., Perepelkin A.I., Mulik A.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Histological predictors of unsatisfactory regeneration of nasal bones
The nasal bones are key elements in the architecture of the back and outer contour of the nose. The protruding position of the nasal bones relative to other bones of the facial skeleton makes them vulnerable to various injuries. Even decades after the injury, radiological diagnostic methods can reveal signs of fractures and surgical interventions on the nasal bones. This fact, along with the high frequency of nasal injuries, highlights the need to study the causes of limited regeneration of nasal bones. A similar pattern is observed in the flat bones of the cranial vault, which, like the nasal bones, are formed through intramembranous ossification, which suggests the presence of common mechanisms underlying limited reparative regeneration. Purpose: To identify the histological features of nasal bones caused by intramembranous osteogenesis, which serve as predictors of their unsatisfactory regeneration. Materials and methods: The study was performed on nasal bone fragments obtained during reduction rhinoplasty in 10 middle-aged patients with rhinocyphosis and rhinocypholordosis. Samples were subjected to standard histological processing with hematoxylin and eosin staining, according to Van Gieson and Picro-Mallory. Morphometric analysis was performed. Results and discussion: Histological examination of the nasal bones revealed the following features: the absence of spongy bone tissue, significant depletion of the periosteum by blood vessels in combination with the absence of the cambial layer, as well as insufficient blood supply to the compact bone substance. The above-mentioned morphological features of the nasal bones lead to a shortage of specialized niches where mesenchymal stem and osteoprogenitor cells are localized, which are the main sources of bone tissue regeneration. In the compact substance, thinning and resorption of the outer shingles of bone plates is noted, and the preservation of haversov systems of early generations. All of the above also indicates a weak level of bone remodulation of the nasal bones in postnatal osteogenesis. The main place preserving the cellular osteoprogenitor potential, on the side of the nasal bridge, is the nasal suture. Conclusion: The intramembranous type of osteogenesis, leading to specific histoarchitectonics of bone tissue, determines the unsatisfactory regeneration of nasal bones.
Copyright (c) 2025 Volov N.V., Grigoryeva Y.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of myocardial involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Systemic inflammation and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines contribute to myocardial remodeling and the development of subclinical dysfunction. Of particular interest is the relationship between joint inflammatory changes and cardiac dysfunction in PsA. Objective: To determine the features of myocardial involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis depending on joint changes. Materials and methods: A total of 74 patients with PsA, 43 men, 31 women; mean age (50.5 ± 12.4) years, who received outpatient and inpatient treatment were examined. All patients underwent standard laboratory tests, transthoracic echocardiography with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging, as well as ultrasound examination of the joints. Echocardiography assessed systolic and diastolic function, left ventricular (LV) mass, and geometry. Synovitis and enthesitis were identified by joint ultrasound. Statistical analysis was performed using standard methods, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Disease duration correlated with impaired diastolic function of both ventricles. High disease activity according to the DAPSA index and elevated C-reactive protein levels were associated with reduced LV ejection fraction. The presence of synovitis and enthesitis was accompanied by increased myocardial mass and signs of diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions: In patients with PsA, a relationship was established between joint inflammatory changes and cardiac dysfunction, highlighting the need for comprehensive monitoring to ensure early detection of cardiovascular complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizatdinova F.N., Feiskhanova L.I., Fedorova G.S., Abdulganieva D.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Outcomes of applications prolonged-release form of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis
Intra-articular therapy with hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations is a fairly effective method for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of large joints. In recent years, extended-release forms of HA preparations (HAp) requiring a single administration have been rapidly gaining popularity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of using a prolonged-release HAp in a volume of 5 ml in patients with knee OA grade III and IV according to the classification of J.H. Kellgren and J.S. Lawrence (K-L). Materials and methods: During a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, patients in the main group (n = 35) received a single intra-articular injection of HAp with a molecular weight of 3.5 × 106 Da at a concentration of 1.6 % and a volume of 5 ml, while in the comparison group (n = 35), patients received the same HAp in a similar manner, only in a volume of 2 ml. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), the Lequesne knee index, and the improved verbal assessment scale (IAS) at 1, 3, and 6 months after the first intra-articular injection. Results: Overall, patients in the study group rated the treatment efficacy as “good” according to the IAS. In the comparison group, intra-articular therapy was rated as “satisfactory” at 1 month and as “poor” at 3 and 6 months. One month after the start of treatment, the most significant reduction in the level of pain syndrome was achieved according to the VAS and the Lequesne questionnaire in patients of both the main group and the comparison group. Pain was less pronounced with the extended-release HAp. Intra-articular therapy with 5 ml of high-molecular-weight HAp improved algofunctional parameters over 6 months. The duration of the positive effect after intra-articular injection of 2 ml of HAp was 1 month. In patients in this group, pain intensity and knee function were consistent with baseline VAS and Lequesne index scores.
Copyright (c) 2025 Burka I.S., Malanin D.A., Demeshchenko M.V., Volodin I.V., Pak A.A., Cherezov L.L., Zhulikov A.L. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
First results of channel dilation in non-penetrating surgery for primary open-angle glaucoma
The surgery of Schlemm's canal is related to microinvasive surgery for primary open-angle glaucoma, which is why this area in ophthalmology is rapidly advancing and is a priority. The goal is to develop a technique for canal dilation performed during non-penetrating deep sclerectomy, as well as to assess its impact on the condition of Schlemm's canal and the hydrodynamic parameters of the eye. Materials and methods: This paper presents an analysis of the results of non-penetrating surgery with Schlemm's canal dilation in 30 patients (30 eyes) with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (main group) compared to standard technology for minimally invasive non-penetrating surgery (30 patients, 30 eyes). All patients underwent ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, keratorefractometry, computer perimetry, tonometry, tonography, gonioscopy, pachymetry, optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head and anterior segment with measurement of the longitudinal and transverse axis diameters, as well as the area of sagittal scanning of Schlemm's canal. Results and discussion: The hypotensive effect after surgery was more pronounced in the main group of patients at 45.3 %, compared to 39.3 % in the control group (p < 0.05). The hypotensive effect in the main group was due to a significantly greater outflow of intraocular fluid. The difference between the mean values of the outflow facility coefficient of intraocular fluid in the main group, (0.3 ± 0.05) mm³/mm Hg × min, and the control group, (0.24 ± 0.04) mm³/mm Hg × min, was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Six months after surgery, the average area of Schlemm's canal was 41.7 % larger than that of the control group patients. The difference between the mean values of the area of Schlemm's canal in the main group, (1996.7 ± 232.4) µm², and the control group (1163.4 ± 226.9) µm², was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Canal dilation during non-penetrating glaucoma surgery allows for the safe elimination of Schlemm's canal collapse, significantly expanding its lumen, normalizing intraocular hydrodynamics, and contributing to the stabilization of visual functions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dzhashi B.G., Balalin S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological organization of thrombus after endovascular thrombus extraction in patients with ischemic heart disease
Relevance: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) claims the lives of approximately 18 million people annually. The vascular damage that occurs during this process is the primary cause of clinical manifestations, with the thrombus being one of the material substrates. Venous and atherothrombosis initiate inflammation with the participation of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of thrombosis is crucial and requires further research to address this issue. Furthermore, studying the morphological features of the removed thrombus and identifying the specific cell type that forms it will help identify potential predictors of the risk of complications during thrombosis treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of thrombi after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and methods: Morphological examination was performed on biopsy specimens obtained by aspiration of thrombotic masses from the occluded artery. The obtained biomaterial was fixed in 10 % buffered neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin using standard techniques. Histological sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Picro-Mallory method, and immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies to CD68, CD45RA, and MPO. All obtained slides were examined under a light microscope and photographed. Morphometric analysis was performed using ImagoJ software, and statistical processing was performed using the MS Excel 2010 statistical analysis package. Results: The quality of thrombus organization and the rate of its formation depend on the duration and severity of coronary heart disease. The observed maximum leukocyte count on the first day, primarily due to neutrophils, and the maximum surface area (61.2 %) occupied by fibrin indicate an early stage of thrombus organization. A dynamic two-fold decrease in neutrophils and a 1.5-fold increase in macrophages, accompanied by a 1.6-fold decrease in the area occupied by fibrin on day 3, indicated active thrombus resorption and tissue remodeling – an intermediate stage of thrombus organization. A 2.2-fold decrease in macrophages, accompanied by a significant 1.9-fold increase in endothelial cells and fibroblasts and minimal fibrin area (a 2.9-fold decrease compared to day 3) on day 7, indicated the formation of granulation tissue, scar tissue, vascular wall remodeling, and active angiogenesis – a late stage of thrombus organization. Conclusions: The obtained morphological data regarding the cellular component of the thrombus complement the picture of thrombosis dynamics and can be considered when developing strategies to improve preventive and therapeutic measures for patients with coronary artery disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zatolokina M.A., Gorbunova M.V., Snimshchikova I.A., Reviakina M.O., Erofeev A.V., Konshina A.V., Sadуgov G.N., Ryzhenkov I.A., Filipskikh D.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A pilot study of the effectiveness of the biological stimulation of bone block remodeling in the Bristow – Latarge operation
Introduction: Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation is a common consequence of traumatic injuries associated with structural defects of the anteroinferior glenoid. The Bristow – Latarjet procedure remains one of the most effective surgical techniques for restoring glenohumeral stability by transferring the coracoid process to reconstruct the anterior bony buttress. However, postoperative resorption of the coracoid bone graft occurs in a substantial proportion of patients even when the procedure is performed correctly. This process may compromise the stability of the shoulder joint and increase the risk of recurrent instability. Consequently, biological methods aimed at enhancing osteointegration have gained growing attention, particularly the use of autologous bone marrow aspirate clot (BMAC), which contains mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoinductive factors capable of supporting bone healing. The aim of the study: To assess the effect of BMAC application on the remodeling of the bone graft following the Bristow – Latarjet procedure and to compare postoperative changes in bone density and graft volume with the classical surgical technique. Materials and methods: A prospective study included 22 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. The patients were divided into two equal groups: the main group (n = 11), in which BMAC was applied to the graft surface, and the comparison group (n = 11), who underwent the conventional procedure. Bone marrow aspirate was harvested from the iliac crest and converted into a coagulated clot fixed onto the graft. Multislice computed tomography was performed at 2 days, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Bone mineral density (HU) was measured at three anatomical levels, and graft volume was assessed via 3D reconstruction. Results: The main group demonstrated a slower decline in bone density and significantly reduced graft resorption. At 6 months, the graft volume remained at (1.23 ± 0.11) cm³, compared with a nearly twofold reduction in the comparison group – (0.74 ± 0.25) cm³. Bone density above and between the screws decreased less markedly in the BMAC group, suggesting enhanced osteointegration and more active remodeling. The use of BMAC did not increase surgical duration, technical complexity, or complication rates. Conclusion: The application of BMAC improves the biological environment for graft osteointegration and reduces the degree of graft resorption after the Bristow – Latarjet procedure. This technique is safe, technically feasible, and may significantly enhance the reliability of anterior glenoid reconstruction. Further randomized clinical studies are required to confirm these findings and determine the role of BMAC in standard treatment protocols for anterior shoulder instability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tregubov A.S., Malanin D.A., Suchilin I.A., Zhulikov A.L., Demeshchenko M.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical cases of treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: diagnosis and treatment
Several clinical cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in young patients are presented. This disease is of considerable interest to ophthalmology, because it is in this age group that it manifests itself most actively and can lead to a persistent decrease in visual functions. The study involved patients with a characteristic clinical picture of CSF, in whom a local detachment of the sensorineural layer of the retina was identified during the examination. To verify the diagnosis and determine treatment tactics, a modern diagnostic algorithm was used, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), which allows visualizing structural changes in the retina, and fluorescence angiography (PHAG), which accurately determined the localization of filtration points and fluid seepage through the pigment epithelium. Based on the diagnostic data obtained, laser intervention was performed in patients with an active filtration point that remained under dynamic monitoring. The technique consisted in the precise application of laser coagulates directly into the seepage zone, which ensured the blocking of pathological filtration. In the postoperative period, careful monitoring of patients' condition was carried out using control ophthalmological examinations. The results showed that laser intervention led to significant regression of exudative detachment and complete restoration of the anatomical structure of the retina in all treated patients. Dynamic observation using OCT diagnostics confirmed the stability of the achieved anatomical results, which correlated with an improvement in functional parameters. The data obtained indicate the high efficiency of retinal laser coagulation in the treatment of CSC in young patients, especially in cases with a clearly identifiable filtration point. A comprehensive diagnostic approach using modern imaging techniques and subsequent targeted laser intervention make it possible to achieve not only anatomical restoration of retinal structures, but also a significant improvement in visual functions. The presented clinical observations confirm the expediency of active treatment tactics for this pathology and demonstrate good long-term treatment results.
Copyright (c) 2025 Velieva I.A., Kulagina N.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epidemiological approach to forecasting the volume of orthopedic care (using the example of hospital)
Introduction: To rationalize the volume of purchases of consumable dental and dental materials, it was of interest to study the possibility of predicting the use of specific structures for orthopedic dental care. Aim of investigation: To evaluate the possibility of using epidemiological data on the provision of orthopedic care over 8 calendar years to predict the volume of dental orthopedic care. Materials and methods: An analysis was carried out of the number of patient visits to a dental hospital from 2014 to 2021 for the purpose of prosthetics with solid bridges, partial and complete removable laminar dentures using the least squares method, as well as an assessment of the volume of orthopedic care provided to patients during this period based on the data statistical reports of the institution. Results: Studies have shown that the number of people receiving prostheses decreased from 183 to 111 per 1,000 applicants from 2014 to 2021. Using the example of specific dental orthopedic structures, the effectiveness of the proposed method for predicting the volume of care provided is shown. Thus, the need for complete removable prosthetics for 2022 was predicted from 46 to 58, and the real figure was 53 per 1000 applicants. Conclusion: Forecasting the volume of orthopedic care for dental patients will make it possible to rationalize the approach to the purchase of structural materials for dentures.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shulyatnikova O.A., Godovalov A.P., Yakovlev M.V., Panteleev D.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative approaches to the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome: the role of the Telegram bot in clinical practice
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age and is characterized by pronounced psychoemotional and somatic disturbances that significantly reduce quality of life. According to recent national reviews and clinical studies, PMS remains an underestimated cause of temporary disability and maladaptation, particularly in populations with high cognitive workloads. Pain syndromes – mastalgia, headache, abdominal pain, and musculoskeletal discomfort – represent the leading components of the PMS clinical picture and frequently coexist with emotional lability and sleep disturbances. Despite its high prevalence, PMS remains insufficiently recognized, and standardized tools for pain assessment and dynamic symptom monitoring are still lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the PMS BOT Telegram-based system in the diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, and clinical assessment of PMS-related symptoms. Materials and methods: The study included 158 women of reproductive age: 70 with clinical manifestations of PMS and 88 controls. The PMS BOT chatbot facilitated daily symptom reporting, assessment of pain intensity and psychoemotional disturbances, and the generation of individualized menstrual diaries. Additional diagnostic tools included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the PSST questionnaire, algometry, assessment of micronutrient status (B-vitamins, 25-OH vitamin D, ferritin), and measurement of stress-related hormones (cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin, prolactin). Results: The chatbot improved adherence (80 % active participation for ≥3 cycles) and provided standardized data collection. The most frequent PMS symptoms were emotional lability (97.1 %), insomnia (71.4 %), and muscle tension (61.4 %). The symptom period decreased from 9–10 to 6–8 days. Conclusion: The PMS BOT Telegram chatbot is an effective and accessible digital tool for PMS diagnosis and monitoring, improving quality of care and supporting personalized approaches in gynecology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tkachenko L.V., Sviridova N.I., Yustus A.S., Kurushina O.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0