Journal of Volgograd State Medical University
ISSN (print): 1994-9480, ISSN (online): 1994-9499 Founder: Volgograd State Medical University Editor-in-Chief: Vladimir I. Petrov, academician of RAS, Doctor of Sc., Full Professor Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open Included in: White List (4th level), Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
Predictors of the formation of long-term post-COVID syndrome with the main symptom of dyspnea in patients with a severe course of a new coronavirus infection
Objective: to determine the predictors of the formation of long-term post-COVID syndrome with the main symptom of dyspnea in patients with severe new coronavirus infection (NCVI). Materials and methods: A single-stage screening clinical study with a retrospective assessment of the course of NCVI was carried out. Over the course of 4 years, 878 patients went to the clinic for shortness of breath 3 or more months after suffering from NKVI. Long-term post-COVID syndrome was verified in 205 (23.35 %) patients with the main symptom of dyspnea without distinction by sex, who were included in the study according to the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria. Hospitalization during NCVI was defined as a severe course of infection. Depending on the presence or absence of hospitalization during NCVI, patients with dyspnea and long-term post-COVID syndrome included in the study were divided into two groups. The first group included 103 patients with dyspnea and prolonged post-COVID syndrome and severe NCVI, the second group included 102 patients with mild NCVI and did not require hospitalization. Results: The mean age of the patients was (57.15 ± 12.4) years. Clinical and anamnestic analysis showed that regardless of the severity of the NCVI suffered, the group of patients with dyspnea after the onset of NCVI after 7.3 [3.2; 12.8] months were comparable in terms of sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, concomitant pathology, structure, frequency and doses of constantly used drugs, indicators reflecting the state of the heart, filtration function of the kidneys, ferrokinetics, markers of nonspecific inflammation. The severity of dyspnea according to the mMRC >2 questionnaire in patients with a history of severe NCVI is associated with an increase in the odds ratio (OR) the formation of long-term post-COVID syndrome by 3.704 times, relative risk (RR) by 1.630 times; with a decrease in SaO2 ≤ 96 % after a 6-minute walking test, the OR increased by 5.828 times, the RR by 1.891 times; with lung damage of more than 45 % during the acute period of NCVI, the OR increased 2.772-fold, the RR – 1.981-fold; when anxiety and depression occurred more than 6 points on the HADS scale, the OR increased by 12.142 times, the RR – by 2.839 times; with the development of cognitive impairment on the MMSE scale ≤ 27 points, the OR increased 6.117-fold, the RR – 4.528-fold; when the N-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) increased by more than 139 pg/ml, the OR increased by 5.553 times, and the RR increased by 3.962 times; at a blood concentration of caspase 6 of more than 28.8 pg/ml, the OR increased 4.861-fold, and the RR increased 3.962-fold. Conclusion: The course of long-term post-COVID syndrome in patients who have had severe forms of NCVI is characterized by more pronounced shortness of breath, the presence of multiple symptoms that worsen the quality of life, and a statistically more significant decrease in tolerance to physical activity. The presence and severity of anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, increased levels of myocardial stress assessed by NT-proBNP and panoptosis assessed by caspase level 6 in the normal range are predictors of the development of long-term post-COVID syndrome in patients with dyspnea who have experienced severe NCVI in the acute period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Masalkina O.V., Chernyavina A.I., Koziolova N.A., Polyanskaya E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Features of the course, diagnostics and treatment of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women (literature review)
Abstract. In the structure of urgent surgical diseases, acute pancreatitis, the mortality rate in destructive forms of which ranges from 35 to 70 %, occupies one of the leading positions. This article presents current data on the course, diagnosis and treatment of women with acute pancreatitis during pregnancy, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Emphasis is placed on the most common cause of its development – cholelithiasis. It is shown that high triglyceride levels can serve as a valuable marker of the severity of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy. At the same time, active patient management tactics, the use of an individual approach to minimally invasive interventions allow for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of this pathology, which helps reduce both maternal and perinatal mortality rates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Golbraykh V.A., Maskin S.S., Matyukhin V.V., Klimovich I.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular mechanisms of action, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNA-26a
MicroRNA-26a (miRNA-26a) is a critical regulator of molecular processes, impacting the pathogenesis of numerous diseases due to its ability to modulate gene expression across various organ systems and tissues. This review examines the mechanisms of miRNA-26a action and its therapeutic potential, with a particular focus on its role in heart failure (HF). In HF, miRNA-26a exerts cardioprotective effects, suppressing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling by targeting GATA4, CTGF, and KCNJ2. Reduced miRNA-26a expression correlates with HF progression, underscoring its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Interactions with other microRNAs, such as miR-1 and miR-133, amplify its effects. Beyond cardiology, miRNA-26a modulates oncological processes, e.g., inhibiting proliferation in colorectal cancer, inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders by targeting EZH2, PTEN, and VEGF. Preclinical studies highlight the promise of miRNA-26a-mimics for HF treatment, though challenges in delivery and dosing warrant further exploration. This review article, with an emphasis on cardiovascular pathology, acknowledges the high prevalence and critical significance of HF in morbidity and mortality, advocating for research into combined strategies with other miRNAs. Overall, miRNA-26a holds significant potential for personalized medicine, offering improved outcomes for patients with HF and other related pathologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tokmachev R.E., Antakova L.N., Pulver N.A., Pulver A.Y., Gerasimova O.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative analysis of biogenic amines in the brain of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) and in various structures of the rat brain
Determination of biogenic amines in biological materials of animals is necessary for assessing the effects and mechanisms of action of new psychotropic drugs. The most popular method for solving pharmacodynamic problems is the determination of biogenic amines and their metabolites in various brain structures of white outbred rats. In the brain structures of Danio rerio (Zebrafish), biogenic amines and their metabolites are as well determined as in various brain structures of rats, so this model can be used to study various behavioral reactions, to model novelty stress and experimental depression.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rudaskova E.S., Kozlovski B.V., Mukha O.Y., Lashhenova L.I., Kokoreva T.P., Isaeva Y.K., Chirkasov I.D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The features of vegetative regulation of the heart rate in adolescents under stress
Modern physiology pays great attention to the study of how the body adapts to various environmental factors. An imbalance in the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system can disrupt this adaptation process, which is particularly significant during adolescence due to the increased lability of the autonomic regulation. The study involved 370 children aged 10–17 years, all male. Heart rate variability was analyzed based on the results of cardiointervalography both at rest and after a functional test. Analysis of the spectral parameters of heart rate revealed that most participants had a regulatory profile, indicating a balance of vegetative mechanisms and optimal functional state. Age-related analysis showed an increase in the number of adolescents with a stress on their regulatory systems. As people age, there is a statistically significant decrease in the number of people in this group. This indicates an effective restoration of the body's adaptive capabilities. Spectral analysis of heart rate reveals an increase in the relative value of the low-frequency component in all age groups. This indicates activation of non-specific regulatory mechanisms involving the vasomotor center. During load testing, spectral analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in total power of the spectrum. However, at the same time, a predominance of sympathetic division in rhythm regulation was noted among 12–13-year-olds and 14–15-year-olds, indicating an increase in adaptation mechanisms. Additionally, the predominance of sympathetic department role during recovery is more prominent among 12–13-year-old adolescents belonging to group 2. In group 4, the recovery period was characterized by a decrease in the overall power of the spectrum. Our study of the autonomic regulation of heart rate in adolescents during stress testing revealed significant individual differences in adaptive responses of the cardiovascular system. These findings confirm that analysis of heart rate variability can be an informative tool for assessing functional state and may be particularly useful for early detection of pre-clinical disorders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yamanova G.A., Kudrin R.A., Antonova A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experience of surgical treatment of upper eyelid ptosis by the suspension type method
The results of suspension type surgeries using different suspension materials in 99 patients (122 eyes) with upper eyelid ptosis from 4 to 62 years of age were analyzed. In patients with upper eyelid ptosis with absent function of the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid (levator), performing operations with the use of synthetic suspensions by a closed implantation method allows to obtain a more pronounced palpebral fold with a persistent effect of the operation and fewer complications than with the use of allomaterials.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gorbenko V.M., Grigoryan S.N., Balalin S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of structural features of eyes with high degrees of ametropia by the method of mathematical modeling
Purpose: Determination of the characteristics of the hypermetropic and myopic eye based on retrospective analysis, prospective study and mathematical modeling. Material and methods: In the course of a retrospective study 2 groups were formed: group 1 – “High degree hyperopia”, anterior-posterior length (APL) of the eye less than 22 mm (n = 20543 eyes), group 2 – “High degree myopia”, APL of the eye more than 27 mm (n = 16718 eyes). The following data were obtained from the electronic database of medical records: visometry – uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and corrected visual acuity (CVA), autorefractometry data, tonometry, optical biometry of the eye, optical coherence tomography, optical power of the IOL, accompanying surgical interventions. During the prospective study 2 groups were formed: Group 1 – 35 eyes with axial length from 15.41 mm to 22.29 mm, Group 2 – 34 eyes with axial length from 27.13 to 33.39 mm. Conclusion: The calculations revealed differences characteristic of high-degree hyperopia and myopia. Using the results of additional diagnostic methods, models of eyes with high-degree hyperopia and myopia were constructed, taking into account anatomical features.
Copyright (c) 2025 Grigorieva Y.V., Petukhova A.A., Yataev U.A., Kopayev S.Y., Bessarabov A.N., Uzunyan J.G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence and structure of astigmatism in schoolchildren and students of Krasnoyarsk
Objective: To assess the prevalence and structure of astigmatism in schoolchildren and students of Krasnoyarsk. Materials and methods. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination of 3,600 students was conducted. Results. The average value of refractive astigmatism in females was 0.52 D [0.25; 0.75] and 0.49 D [0.25; 0.75] in males. Astigmatism was less often detected in emmetropia, its prevalence increased in myopia and hypermetropia. The proportion of astigmatism increases as you get older. The prevalence of corneal astigmatism is higher in comparison with refractive. In all groups, the predominance of refractive astigmatism of the direct type with a value from 0.75 D to 1.25 D was revealed. Revealed correlations between the strength of the cylinder and the morphofunctional parameters of the eyes have been revealed. Conclusion. Given the variability of astigmatism parameters, it is necessary to accurately determine its values, especially when selecting correction and refractive surgery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Levchenko Y.S., Nickel V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semiotics of maxillofacial anomalies in the vertical direction according to the analysis of lateral telerentgenograms
Diagnosis of occlusion anomalies in the vertical direction is an urgent task of orthodontics, prosthetic dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Goal: To determine the main signs and symptom complex of vertical anomalies of the maxillofacial region and to analyze telerentgenograms for anomalies of occlusion in the vertical direction, taking into account the type of facial growth. Materials and methods: The analysis of 91 telerentgenograms in the lateral projection was carried out, of which 56 images belonged to people with physiological types of bite, 24 patients showed signs of deep incisor occlusion/dysocclusion, and 11 people were diagnosed with signs of vertical incisor dysocclusion. A generally accepted analysis of the angular parameters determining the type of facial growth was performed. In addition to the traditional method, the components of the total Bjork angle were analyzed separately, and the anterior height of the face was divided into the nasal and gnatic parts. The semiotics of maxillofacial anomalies in the vertical direction included a comparative assessment of changes in the parameters of the gnathic and nasal parts of the face. The average values of the indicators and the error of representativeness (M ± m) were statistically determined. Results and discussion: The results of the study of people with physiological occlusion showed that 46 people, (82.14 ± 5.11) %, had nasal facial parameters that corresponded to optimal parameters. Signs of a decrease in the height of the nasal region were detected in 10 people, (17.86 ± 5.11) %. It was found that with physiological variants, the height of the nasal and gnathicparts of the face are almost equivalent when analyzing linear indicators. Changes in the height of the face are usually caused by changes in both the nasal and gnathic sections of the face in different proportions. Conclusion: During the analysis of telerentgenograms of people with physiological and pathological variants of vertical facial parameters, the relationship between the parameters of the nasal and gnathic divisions was revealed. The data obtained can be used for the differential diagnosis of gnathic and dental-alveolar abnormalities in the vertical direction and to determine the tactics of orthodontic and surgical treatment methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shkarin V.V., Dmitrienko S.V., Veremeenko S.A., Didenko I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of patients' need for restoration of destroyed clinical dental crowns
Currently, patients with complete destruction of the clinical tooth crown are often found at clinical appointments. According to the data of domestic and foreign literature, the incidence of this pathology in different regions is 4,1–17,3 %. At the same time, the main method of restoring endodontically treated teeth with a destroyed crown remains the manufacture of cast stump pin inserts, followed by their coating with artificial crowns. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patients' need for restoration of destroyed clinical dental crowns, as well as the analysis of orthopedic treatment of such patients and the resulting complications based on archival materials of the dental clinic. In the course of the study, outpatient dental patient records and orthopedic work orders were studied according to the data of the Samara State Medical University SB SSP No. 3 for 2018–2022. According to the data obtained, the need for restoration of destroyed clinical dental crowns using orthopedic structures was 3,81 % in 2018, 3,89 % in 2019, 3,76 % in 2020, 3,72 % in 2021 and 3,54 % in 2022. In 2018–2022, 7215 patients with tooth crown destruction applied to the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Samara State Medical University SB SSP No. 3, including 2960 (41 %) men and 4255 (59 %) women. At the same time, according to the data obtained, complications in various periods after prosthetics were observed in 816 patients (11,3 % of the examined patients).
Copyright (c) 2025 Dmitriev D.I., Nesterov A.M., Sadykov M.I., Sagirov M.R. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical evaluation of masseter performance in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction
The study is devoted to the evaluation of the masticatory muscles in a state of hypertension in individuals with dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. To evaluate the work of the masticatory muscles, a set of methods was used, including the use of Brookschecker mouthguards for a night examination, palpation of the masticatory muscles, and electromyography of the masticatory muscles. For an objective characterization of the functional state of the masticatory muscles, the electromyography technique was used. The use of the described criteria for assessing the functional state of the masticatory muscles allows differentiating various levels of their hypertension, which is necessary for a personalized approach to the correction of such conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ageeva Y.V., Stepanov V.A., Shemonaev V.I., Klauchek S.V., Timacheva T.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical manifestations and management tactics of patients with complications of combined and complex treatment of malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity
The manifestation of oncological alertness of a dentist is a priority task at a dental appointment. Due to the variety of manifestations in the oral cavity, clinicians have certain difficulties verifying the final diagnosis. The article is devoted to one of the most difficult issues of managing patients with complications of complex and combined treatment of malignant tumors at outpatient appointments of dentists of all specialties. The authors analyzed and demonstrated the clinical manifestations of these complications in the oral cavity and proposed tactical and therapeutic measures based on specific examples.
Copyright (c) 2025 Makedonova Y.A., Afanaseva O.Y., Agaeva S.S., Makedonova D.M., Afanaseva E.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cytophysiological activity of the ventricular myocardium of a laboratory rat with metered physical activity
In the experiment, Wistar rats were subjected to a controlled physical load using a treadmill for 60 days. The intensity of the training gradually increased from an initial speed of 2–3 km/h to 5–10 km/h. The duration of each workout varied from 30 to 40 minutes, depending on the endurance of the rat. On the 20th, 40th and 60th days of the experiment, the mass of the myocardium of the right and left ventricles of the heart and the ability of myocardial cells to absorb neutral red dye were determined in five rats from the control and experimental groups (at each time point). To do this, a 0.5 % solution of neutral red (0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight) was injected into the abdominal cavity of rats under anesthesia. After 20 minutes, the rats were euthanized with an overdose of zoletil. The dye was extracted from the ventricular myocardium by placing them in acidified 70 % alcohol. The dye concentration in the supernatant was measured using a photocolorimeter (in micrograms). After drying the ventricular tissue of the heart, the dye concentration per unit tissue mass (mcg/mg) was determined. It was found that the mass of the myocardium on the 20th, 40th and 60th days of the experiment increased more in the left ventricle. The concentration of dye in the myocardium of the ventricles of the heart in rats subjected to physical exertion (experimental group) was higher than in control rats. In the right ventricle, the difference was (0.017 ± 0.001), (0.041 ± 0.002) and (0.048 ± 0.001) micrograms/mg on days 20, 40, and 60, respectively. In the left ventricle, the difference was smaller and amounted to (0.023 ± 0.002), (0.025 ± 0.002) and (0.029 ± 0.001) micrograms/mg at the same time points. Conclusions. Regularly dosed physical exertion in the form of forced running leads to multidirectional changes in the cytophysiological activity of the myocardium. At the same time, the effect of sorption prevails in the right ventricle of the heart. Myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle has a negative effect on the cytophysiological activity of the myocardium, which manifests itself in a decrease in the sorption capacity of the myocardium in relation to a vital dye (neutral red). The recommended duration of a course of dosed physical exertion in humans should not exceed 20 days.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinogradov A.A., Andreeva I.V., Samotaev P.I., Badinova T.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Results of determining the stability of dental implants after replacing peri-implant defects with bone substitutes
The article presents a study of the effectiveness of resonance frequency analysis (Osstell ISQ) for assessing the stability of dental implants in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study involved 132 patients divided into three groups: intact (without peri-implantitis), control (bone defect management under a blood clot) and two main groups using bone substitutes - β-tricalcium phosphate granules and bone collagen blocks. The results of the study showed that in the first months after treatment, there is a decrease in implant stability, followed by a significant increase by the 12th month of observation. Patients receiving bone substitutes demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in ISQ indicators compared to the control. At the same time, the effectiveness of the two types of bone substitutes was comparable. The study confirms the value of the Osstell ISQ method as an objective and non-invasive tool for monitoring osseointegration and choosing the optimal time for the orthopedic stage of treatment. The obtained data contribute to the improvement of clinical practice in implantology and emphasize the importance of using bone substitutes in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sirak S.V., Averyanov S.V., Iurasov A.Y., Perikova M.G., Lenev V.N., Sirak A.S., Bykova N.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heart rate variability in transport university students depending on the type of constitution
The purpose of the study is to study the indicators of heart rate variability and vegetative adaptation of students of the Siberian State University of Railway Transport, depending on the type of constitution. The following morphological parameters were studied: body length and weight, chest circum-ference. The indices were calculated: Quetelet, Pinier. An assessment of the fre-quency of heart contractions and blood pressure was performed in 216 healthy students divided into three groups depending on the type of constitution. The heart rate variability was assessed by cardiointervalography with the analysis of indices R.M. Bayevsky. An individual typological morpho-functional "portrait" of students of a transport university has been formed, depending on the type of constitution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Klimova E.V., Riazantsev A.I., Sorokin O.V., Subotyalov M.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Region-specific heart rate variability observed in young male residents of different climatic and geographical zones of the Russian Federation
Background. Despite belonging to the northern latitudes, the Northeast of the Russian Federation and its Arctic (Northwest) region show a significant climatic variability, which undoubtedly requires a comprehensive study in terms of the mechanisms of physiological adaptation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a highly sensitive marker of autonomic nervous system activity since it reflects the dynamic interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic factors in regulating cardiovascular performance, which allows quantitatively assessing the body adaptation reserves and identifying functional changes under various influences including specific features of the climate and geography of the region. Objective. The research comparatively analysed HRV parameters in residents of different natural and climatic zones of Russia: Northeast (the city of Magadan), Northwest (the city of Murmansk), and the baseline (control) group from Central Russia (the cities of Ulyanovsk and Moscow) with the further studying region-related neuro autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system. Material and Methods. Two hundred and ninety-nine male volunteers participated in the survey: 119 people aged 17–21 from the Northeast of Russia, 72 people from Russia’s Northwest and 108 young men from Central Russia. Resting (sitting position) heart rate variability parameters were recorded and analysed using the Varicard hard & software unit. Results. It was found that living in the Polar region contributes to reducing autonomic functions owing to a decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system and a shift to the sympathetic activation dominance. In residents of the northeastern region, heart rate variability parameters were observed to be mainly within the optimal physiological ranges, with some parameters indicating increased parasympathetic activity. The control group (Central Russia) demonstrated normotonic autonomic status that excluded significant adaptation changes in regulatory mechanisms. Conclusion. The study results allowed us to conclude of the region-specific ranges of the functional norm that is forming under the influence of the natural and climatic conditions. The revealed regularities contributed to considering the parameters of heart rate variability as informative and significant physiological markers reflecting different climatic impacts that people experience in different regions of Russia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Averyanova I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Magistral arteries condition and angiorenal relations in patients with arterial hypertension and lower extremities atherosclerosis
In this research magistral arteries condition in relation with kidney condition in patients with arterial hypertension and lower extremities atherosclerosis is performed. It was found out that renal function is getting worse and magistral arterial stiffness is raising in patients with arterial hypertension and lower extremities atherosclerosis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Statsenko M.E., Guzenko D.S., Dudchenko G.P., Verle O.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-economic determinants of fetal morphological development during pregnancy
Introduction: The weight of a newborn is a key indicator of fetal health and development, which is influenced by various socio-economic factors. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parity, income level, education and smoking status of the mother on the morphological development of the fetus during pregnancy. Materials and methods: A study was conducted with 5,161 pregnant women divided into four age groups: under 20 years old, 20–30 years old, 31–40 years old and 41–45 years old. Data on parity, education level (incomplete secondary, full secondary, vocational secondary, higher), income level (low, medium, high) and smoking status (smokers, non-smokers) were analyzed. To assess the effect of these factors on the weight of the newborn, a multivariate analysis of variance and a post-hoc Tukey test for paired comparisons were used. Results: All the studied factors had a statistically significant effect on fetal weight (p < 0.01). Parity showed the greatest effect: fetal weight increased during the second pregnancy and decreased during the third and subsequent pregnancies. The high level of income and education of the mother was associated with the high weight of the newborn. Smoking during pregnancy had a negative effect on fetal weight, reducing it by an average of 0.35 kg compared to non-smoking mothers. Conclusions: Socio-economic determinants such as parity, income level, education and smoking significantly affect the morphological development of the fetus. The most favorable morpho-logical indicators were noted in mothers with a second pregnancy, high income and education, as well as in non-smokers. The results highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to pregnancy support, including socio-economic and behavioral aspects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iutinsky E.M., Zheleznov L.M., Dvoryansky S.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ABC analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the procurement activities of the state oncological healthcare institutions of the Southern and Central federal districts
ABC analysis of oncological state hospitals becomes essential into the context of rising cost of the innovative group of drugs and diagnostic tools and the need for equal access to effectiveness and safety therapy of patients. The aim of the study is conducting of ABC analysis of the protocols of public procurements of medicines into the oncological medical organizations of the Southern and Central districts. Materials and methods: ABC analysis of data from protocols of open auctions and requests for quotations of four state oncological hospitals for 2024 year and content-analysis of scientific publica-tions are used. Results: The smallest amount of public procurements into the medical organizations in 2024 is 942,67 million rubles, the biggest one is 3233,11 million rubles. “A” segment is represented by innovative groups of drugs, the first-line and concomitant drug therapies, “B” segment is medicines of the first-and second lines of chemotherapy, medicines for the relief of adverse reactions, separate groups of innovative drugs and diagnostic tools, “С” is con-comitant and relief of adverse reactions drug therapies. The optimal threshold for increasing the budget to increase the availability of innovative groups of drugs is between 61,28 and 243,12 %, one of diagnostic tools is between 61,28 and 184,66 %, negative efficiency is observed with an increase the budget above the level of 226,7 %. Conclusions: The obtained results will be able to become the basis for forming the budget structure of oncological medical organizations, taking into account the continued availability of a group of innovative drugs and diagnostic tools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shatalova O.V., Ganicheva L.M., Boriskina M.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dark cytotoxicity of new synthesized complexes based on Chlorin e6 with rare earth elements on Ehrlich ascitic adenocarcinoma cell culture
Today, the issue of the safety and selectivity of new classes of compounds is acute. These compounds have properties that have not been described before. The purpose of this study is to present results of the investigation of the toxicity and accumulation of two newly synthesized compounds, e6-europium chloride and e6-samarium chloride, in relation to an Ehrlich ascetic adenocarcinoma cell culture. An assessment of these parameters is crucial for understanding the level of toxicity and potential side effects. It is known that substances used in clinical practice can initiate photoreactions in patients, so it is important to study their properties. Using the MTT test, we assessed the metabolic activity of cells after contact with the compounds for 2 days. The concentrations of e6-europium Chloride and e6-samarium chloride were 25 and 0.19 micrograms per milliliter, respectively. The number of viable cells after exposure was more than 80 %. Using flow cytometry, the maximum accumulation of substances in cells was determined after one day of co-incubation. Based on these indicators, we were able to determine the range of concentrations at which there was no direct cytotoxic effect on the cell culture. This data will serve as a basis for further assessment of the compounds' effectiveness and their mode of action.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shevchenko O.V., Eliseeva E.V., Yurieva K.A., Belobeletskaya M.V., Medkov M.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of the cellular composition of the buccal epithelium to study the effectiveness of topical agents in the treatment of experimental gingivitis
Relevance: Inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) is an urgent problem of domestic and world dentistry. The main role in the treatment of IPD is assigned to symptomatic therapy. When examining inflamed periodontal tissues, an increased content of neutrophils, monocytes and fibroblasts can be detected. The study of these cells is important for the search for new means of treating IPD. Goal: The study of the cellular composition of the buccal epithelium of Wistar rats in the treatment of experimental gingivitis with topical drugs. Materials and methods: The work was performed on 40 white laboratory rats with experimental gingivitis, counting inflammatory cells before and after the use of topical agents for its treatment (on days 10 and 16). Results: The average number of cell elements in all groups on the 10th day of the experiment did not differ. On the 16th day, the highest value of all cellular elements was revealed in the “Asepta” group. In the “Arctivit-dent” group, a higher value was revealed. In the Stomatofit group, the value of cellular elements in the cytological preparation is significantly lower compared to other experimental groups. Conclusion: The results of using preparations containing MPH allow us to continue studying the effectiveness of using these substances for treating gingivitis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Popov V.A., Gorbatova L.N., Dubinina A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pars plana vitrectomy as a treatment for mixed etiology acute uveitis (clinical case)
This article describes a clinical case of treatment of mixed etiology acute uveitis in a 36-year-old patient with a history of penetrating eye injury, complicated by an intraocular metallic foreign body. Hypopyon and aphakia were detected with biomicroscopy. Diagnostics confirmed the presence of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in the anterior chamber and luxation of the lens into the vitreous cavity, as well as fluid level in the left maxillary sinus. The patient underwent puncture of the maxillary sinus and pars plana 25G vitrectomy with removal of the foreign body, lens extraction, intravitreal and intracameral injection of an antibiotic. An old macular hole was detected intraoperatively. Cultures from the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity revealed Acinetobacter baumani, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. After the operation, there was a decrease in inflammation, an increase in the transparency of optical media, and a moderate increase in visual acuity. Vitrectomy reduced inflammation and prepared the eye for further reconstructive surgery (iridoplasty, IOL implantation). The discussion highlights the role of modern methods, including metagenomic sequencing, for vitreous microbiome analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chernakov A.S., Arzhimatova G.S., Sonin D.V., Alipov D.G., Shirshova E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The difficulties of treating patients with postresection pleural empyema and bronchopleural fistulas
A case report is presented – surgical treatment of a patient with right-sided postresection tuberculous empyema and bronchopleural fistula after surgery. Patient T., 20 years old, has suffered from tuberculosis since the fall of 2019. On 02.10.21, a lower lobectomy was performed on the right side. In the postoperative period, air discharged through drains was suspected of failing the bronchial stump, which led to another operation: retoractomy, revision of the pleural cavity on the right, and medium lobectomy. According to CT scans of the OGC, there was residual pleural tissue, and the failure of the middle bronchus stump was confirmed. She visited the FSBI "TSNIIT" complaining of shortness of breath during exercise, and a feeling of discomfort in her right chest when breathing deeply. On July 27, 21, re-amputation of the intermediate bronchial stumps was performed. The residual pleura remained after the operation, and drains were removed after 1,5 month. PPI was given at a dose of 1,200 mL/week. Fourteen days later, a control scan of the lungs revealed residual pleural space. Due to the inability to drain the right pleural cavity after several attempts, a revision of the VATS of the right pleura, pleurodesis was performed. The surgery was without complications, the stump was sealed. Drains were removed 2.5 months after achieving hermiticism. With control CT scans of OGK at 1 and 3 years after surgery, AKI was not detected, and the dome of the diaphragm was raised on the right side, with a fibrothorax in the upper parts. She completed treatment and returned to a normal lifestyle.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bagirov M.A., Tarasov R.V., Sadovnikova S.S., Popova S.S., Khozikov A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Choroideremia caused by a mutation in the CHM gene (clinical case)
Introduction. Choroideremia is a hereditary dystrophy of the choroid with an X-linked recessive type of inheritance, which is characterized by progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, choroid and photoreceptors. Purpose: using a clinical case as an example, to evaluate the clinical and functional parameters of the organ of vision in hereditary dystrophy of the choroid, known as choroideremia. Material and methods. Patient X. complained of worsening vision at nightfall. The patient was undergone to a comprehensive clinical and functional examination. After that exome sequencing using NGS was performed with further consultation of an ophthalmogeneticist. Results. As a result of analyzing of anamnesis and clinical and instrumental examination data, a preliminary diagnosis was made: choroideremia. To confirm the diagnosis, a molecular genetic study was recommended, which revealed a previously undescribed pathogenic variant of the nucleotide sequence in exon 4 of the CHM gene (chrX:85233878:T>TA, NM_000390.4:c.206dup). Conclusion. The clinical picture of choroideremia is quite typical, but genetic analysis is necessary to plan further gene therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chuprov A.D., Pidodniy E.A., Oleynik L.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experience in treating epithelial ingrowth after refractive surgery. A clinical case
Epithelial ingrowth (EI) is a rare complication of keratorefractive surgical procedures and is characterized by the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells into the intrastromal space from the periphery to the center. Epithelial ingrowth of the cornea after keratorefractive surgery requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Among modern methods, the combined use of beta therapy with electrophoresis, careful mechanical removal, and YAG laser destruction are notable. The choice of method depends on the timing of detection, localization, and degree of damage. In the presented clinical case, EI developed after LASIK surgery on both eyes, intensified, and spread to the central optical zone of the cornea in the left eye following a revision of the corneal interface. The patient underwent two courses of brachytherapy. As a result of the treatment, complete elimination of epithelial cells in the corneal interface was achieved, resulting in the formation of cloud-like opacities and sustained remission throughout the observation period (18 months).
Copyright (c) 2025 Solodkova E.G., Fokin V.Р., Breev V.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0