No 11 (2025)

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence that reflexive interaction methods have on the adaptation process of first-year university students. Research methods and organization. For the purpose of addressing research objectives, a combination of theoretical and empirical methods was employed: analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, surveys, and testing. The diagnostic tools used included: "Adaptation of First-Year University Students" (O.A. Molokova), "Adaptation of First-Year Students at University" (T.D. Dubovitskaya, A.V. Krylova), and "Time Management" (F.J. Zimbardo). The study was conducted at Irkutsk State University with undergraduate and graduate students. Research results and conclusions. The effectiveness of applying reflexive methods of interaction during the adaptation period of first-year students to the learning process in higher education has been proven. The reflexive component of adaptation has been revealed, with emphasis placed on the fact that it can be leading in the process of student adaptation in higher education. Reflexive methods of working with students during the adaptation period help redirect the focus of the student's self-analysis from the external environment to oneself, share responsibility for what occurs within the group, assist in independently building a development plan, and teach time management skills. Reflexive methods of interaction help students learn to correlate their resources with those of their classmates, understand each other's problems, and provide support in challenging academic and extracurricular situations.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a historical analysis of the objective prerequisites for the emergence of the book "Theory of Physical Culture" and the role of G.A. Duperron's activities in the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of physical culture. Research methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources, documentary materials; historical-logical analysis, systematization, actualization, and formalization. Research results. It is noted that in 1925, G.A. Duperron made the first attempt to combine the existing diverse information on physical culture within a single comprehensive discipline, revealing its anatomical, physiological, pedagogical, and other aspects. The role of G.A. Duperron's personality in the development of the foundations of physical culture theory is considered.

The purpose of the study is a systematic analysis of the best practices in mass sports within the constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) for the years 2020-2024, with an assessment of their effectiveness based on six key criteria: coverage scale, innovativeness, sustainability, social significance, inclusiveness, and replicability. Research methods and organization. The following research methods were employed: analysis of regional programs, official statistics and publications, system analysis based on a multifactor evaluation model, content analysis, and expert assessment. The study was conducted using a systematic four-stage approach, which included the collection, processing, and interpretation of data on more than 20 regional mass sports practices. Research results. Five of the most successful mass sports practices in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) have been identified: the Vladivostok Marathon, the Baikal Marathon, the Spartakiad "Manchaary Games," Avachinsky Ski Marathon, and the All-Russian Half Marathon "Zabeg RF." The data obtained indicate a steady increase in public engagement in mass sports across the FEFD regions. Special attention has been given to identifying the key success factors of the best practices in the context of the geographical, climatic, and ethnocultural specifics of the Far East, particularly the integration of local traditions, adaptation to natural conditions, and the implementation of digital solutions. Based on statistical analysis and comparative research, recommendations have been proposed for adapting and replicating effective practices in regions with similar conditions, which holds significant practical value for the development of mass sports in remote territories with extreme climatic conditions and ethnocultural diversity.

The purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a special methodology that utilizes standard communication equipment (field cable reels, boxes with spare parts, elements of automotive equipment) as equipment for physical exercises. Research methods and organization. Pedagogical experiment. The study was conducted at the Marshal Budyonny Military Signal Academy. Research results and conclusions. The experimental group that followed the proposed program showed statistically significant improvements in measures of strength training, flexibility, 100-meter sprint speed, and specific endurance in the 5 km march compared to the control group, which followed the standard program. The use of standard communication equipment for physical training is a scientifically justified, effective, and accessible tool for enhancing the combat readiness of communication unit personnel in field conditions.

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of fitness ballet (functional ballet), integrated into physical education classes at a higher educational institution, on the physical fitness and psycho-emotional state of female students. Research methods and organization. The research methods used included theoretical analysis of specialized literature, pedagogical observation, surveys, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiments, and mathematical data processing. The study was conducted at the Moscow campus of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration with the participation of first- to third-year female students. Research results and conclusions. The curriculum for the discipline "Elective Courses in Physical Education and Sports", which includes elements of fitness ballet (functional ballet) and was integrated into the students' training process, allowed for a targeted impact on improving female students' physical fitness levels and psycho-emotional state during a seven-month pedagogical experiment. Statistically significant improvements in the students' psycho-emotional condition were observed. The use of fitness ballet (functional ballet) elements within the framework of the discipline "Elective Courses in Physical Education and Sports" is an effective approach that contributes to improving physical condition and enhancing students' adaptation to physical exercise.

The purpose of the study is to examine the opinions of coaches and professional mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes on the impact of executive functions on competitive performance and the possibilities of improving it through the use of non-invasive neurostimulation in the training process. Research methods and organization. Representatives of MMA clubs (coaches and professional athletes) participated in the survey. Research results and conclusions. The analysis and synthesis of respondents' opinions made it possible to identify the reasons necessitating the use of neurostimulation in the training process of professional MMA athletes as a means of enhancing competitive performance. The systematization of responses allowed for the determination of the type of microcycle and its duration, which formed the basis for developing a methodology to improve the competitive performance of professional athletes through the application of non-invasive neurostimulation.

The purpose of the study is to determine the main tasks of psychological support for cross-country skiers. Research methods and organization. A standardized authorial questionnaire was used, which included a list of psychological support tasks for coaches and athletes. The methodology involves athletes' self-assessment: the questionnaire evaluated the sincerity of responses; 9 questions were taken from H. Eysenck's methodology. Indicators were assessed on a 10-point scale. The subjects were cross-country skiers with 3 to 8 years of experience in skiing, both women and men aged 19.8 ± 1.2 years, as well as coaches. Conclusions. It has been found that athletes' knowledge of psychological challenges and methods for overcoming them lags behind that of coaches. The necessity of an individualized approach in teaching athletes psychological support techniques has been substantiated.

The purpose of the study is to examine the psychomotor abilities of athletes in wrestling and striking combat sports and to propose ways to enhance their development within the training and educational process. Research methods and organization: analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature; descriptive pedagogical experiment, psychophysiological diagnostics, methods of mathematical statistics. The obtained results are taken into account in the training of qualified athletes in striking and wrestling martial arts in sports clubs of Moscow. Research results and conclusions. The significant superiority of striking martial artists over wrestling martial artists aged 17-19 in terms of the development of simple and complex visuomotor reactions indicates the specifics of competitive activity and the focus of the training process, which includes the necessity of using specially designed preparatory exercises that contribute to the development of reaction speed and the improvement of technical and tactical mastery. The obtained result leads to the conclusion that achieving a high level of development of psychomotor abilities in combat sports is conditioned by the optimization of the content of physical, technical-tactical, and psychological training of qualified athletes.

The purpose of the study is an analytical review of the literature data on the assessment of the genetic nature of injuries in diving as one of the criteria for sports selection. Research methods: analysis of literature in the PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Research results and conclusions. An overview is presented of the genes that determine susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries in divers. It is shown that the use of genetic analysis in sports practice to assess the most promising athletes in diving can be of a recommendatory and informational nature. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the genetic basis of injuries and to develop effective approaches to sports selection and injury prevention. For this, it is important to consider the characteristics of genetics, epigenetics, and the environment (training, rest, nutrition, psycho-emotional state, etc.). This approach will help improve athletic performance and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal sports injuries.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the motivational component of training highly qualified martial artists at the preparatory stage of the training process. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at higher education institutions in the city of Omsk. Research methods included analysis of scientific and methodological literature, psychological testing of athletes, and statistical analysis. For assessing the motivation of highly qualified martial artists, the study employed the methodologies of A.V. Shaboltas and I.V. Tropnikov. Research results. It has been found that the dominant motive among the surveyed kickboxers is the motive of personal prestige, while among practitioners of other martial arts, the motive is the emotional enjoyment derived from practicing the sport. This difference may be associated with the high emotional intensity in kickboxing, rigorous competition, public exposure, and the pursuit of recognition, whereas practitioners of other martial arts are more focused on self-discovery and their inner state, which is particularly significant for Thai boxing, judo, and aikido. The study also established that the need for material benefits is the primary reason among various factors motivating individuals to continue practicing their chosen sport. As athletes advance in skill, there is a shift in the leading motivational factors. At the initial stage of a sports career, the need for social interaction and approval predominates; however, as proficiency increases, the motive of acquiring life-useful skills and abilities becomes more relevant. In both groups studied, with the growth of sports mastery, there were observed trends towards the development of coaching skills, the formation of the athlete's personality, an understanding of the specifics of the training process, and the need for comprehensive knowledge and skills for future career advancement as an athlete or coach. Conclusions. The analysis of athletes' motivation reveals the diverse needs of athletes across different types of martial arts, both in terms of content and choice priority. However, all athletes' motives, in one way or another, point to the necessity of self-actualization and the improvement of their well-being, regardless of their specialization.

The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of a specially developed methodology aimed at increasing the number of punches with the lead hand by the boxer and the effectiveness of offensive actions throughout the fight. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the Department of Theory and Methods of Boxing at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saint Petersburg, with the participation of highly skilled boxers (Candidate for Master of Sport and Master of Sport) aged 18 to 22. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, questionnaires, heart rate monitoring, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. Analysis of the sparring sessions revealed a 24.4% increase in the use of the lead hand and an 18.2% rise in the density of attacking combinations; most athletes demonstrated consistent maintenance of active engagement throughout the final round. Confidence levels improved: 87% of the boxers reported better control of distance and the initiation of attacks, which allowed them to reduce the number of their opponent's offensive actions.

Effective planning of training load for athletes, especially elite athletes, is a fundamental and important aspect of successful coaching activity, including in powerlifting (classic three disciplines). The purpose of the study is to identify effective methods and volumes of training load to achieve competitive results in the training process of highly qualified female athletes. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the student sports club "Lokomotiv" of the Far Eastern State Transport University. The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis of literary sources, online resources, and competition protocols. To obtain information on the means and volumes of training load, the athlete's training diaries were analyzed. The analysis of final competition protocols was used to assess the dynamics of performance in the competitive program exercises. Research results and conclusions. The results obtained showed that the training load volume plan implemented during the preparation period for competitions, including by exercise groups, is reasonably effective for highly qualified female athletes and allows for improvements in personal performance in squats, bench press, and the total of the powerlifting triathlon. The positive trend in competitive results suggests that the recommended training load volumes are not only aimed at achieving high sports performance but are also adequate and accessible to the athletes' level of preparedness. The absence of injuries and illnesses during the preparation period positively affected training attendance, contributing to the regularity of the training process and the successful implementation of the coach's planned tasks.

The purpose of the study is to examine the changes in the training of physical education teachers in the context of inclusive education during the period from 2016 to 2025, and to identify the main problems and promising directions for development. Research methods and organization. To obtain objective data, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, allowing for the assessment of change dynamics and the identification of key issues. The study took into account educational standards, professional development programs, as well as the opinions of teachers and experts in the field. The following methods were used for analysis: comparative analysis of professional development programs implemented in different years; surveys of physical education teachers working in inclusive schools (R. K. Merton's methodology); qualitative interviews with teachers, methodologists, and parents of children with disabilities; and the expert evaluation method. Research results and conclusions. Analysis of the professional competence of physical education teachers within the framework of inclusive education from 2016 to 2025 has shown that the teacher training system has evolved significantly. However, methodological, psychological, and material issues persist, requiring a comprehensive solution. Moving forward, it is important not only to improve teacher training programs but also to create conditions for the comfortable work of educators in an inclusive environment.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the development dynamics of para-cycling for individuals with musculoskeletal impairments competing on the track. Research methods: analysis of literary sources, analysis of competitive activity results. Research results and conclusions. The data obtained allow us to assert that the development of para-cycling on the track for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders in the Russian Federation shows positive dynamics. The increase in the number of athletes in para-cycling is an important factor that simultaneously addresses the objectives of health improvement, social integration, sports development, technological innovation, and the enhancement of the country's international prestige. This comprehensive impact makes para-cycling not only a means of rehabilitation but also a strategically significant area for the development of physical culture and sports in Russia.

The purpose of the study is to identify the dynamics of the psycho-emotional sphere of students during swimming lessons. Research methods and organization. The study involved first- and second-year students who completed an electronic questionnaire on well-being, activity, and mood (WAM). To identify differences in the results between male and female students, the Mann–Whitney U test was used; to assess the dynamics of the results before and after the sessions, the sign test (G) was employed; and to determine discrepancies between the well-being, activity, and mood scales, the Kruskal–Wallis H test was applied. Research results and conclusions. The integral initial (pre-class) indicator on the SAN questionnaire is characterized as favorable for both boys and girls. Before the class, boys have statistically significantly higher well-being, activity, mood, and integral indicator compared to girls. The positive dynamics of all indicators on the SAN questionnaire after swimming in girls and mood in boys, combined with the imbalance of these three indicators after the class in both boys and girls, suggest a developmental nature of the physical load that does not exceed the body's adaptation thresholds. It has been established that the SAN questionnaire is a quick and effective method for assessing workload during classes.

The article substantiates the relevance and practical significance of developing a comprehensive set of criteria for evaluating the pedagogical technology of forming a worldview position of personal responsibility among cadets at the training centers of the Rosgvardiya. The purpose of the study is to develop and scientifically substantiate a system of criteria and indicators that allow for a multi-level assessment of the effectiveness of the pedagogical technology used to form a worldview position of personal responsibility among cadets at the training centers of the Rosgvardiya for the performance of official and combat tasks. Research methods: analysis of philosophical, psychological-pedagogical, and military-specialized literature; theoretical modeling of a system of criteria; conceptual analysis and synthesis. Research results and conclusions. Criteria have been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of the pedagogical technology aimed at forming a worldview position of personal responsibility for the fulfillment of service and combat tasks. To ensure objectivity in the assessment, four qualitatively distinct levels of development of the worldview position of personal responsibility have been identified and described. The presented system of criteria not only allows for the diagnosis of the current level of development of the worldview position but also serves as a basis for the operational adjustment of the educational process and the improvement of the technologies applied in the training centers of the Rosgvardiya personnel.

The modern market for educational services in the field of physical education and sports is characterized by high dynamism and increasing competition. One of its in-demand segments is professional retraining programs (PRPs), which in turn serve as a key tool for addressing the industry's staffing issues. In the context of digital transformation, the emergence of new sports professions, and new types of sports, PRPs demonstrate the greatest flexibility and adaptability to the targeted demands of the industry. However, the rapid growth of this segment also gives rise to a number of challenges: intensified competition among providers, the risk of declining quality of educational products, and the need for constant updating of program content. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state and identify key trends in the market for professional retraining programs in the field of physical education and sports, based on the examination of the structure and dynamics of demand, supply, and the competitive environment, as well as pricing policies in the area of additional professional education. Research methods: analysis of scientific-methodological and specialized literature, modern educational programs in additional education, regulatory documents, as well as labor market data and professional community requests; methods of systemic and comparative analysis. Research results and conclusions. The structure and workforce motivation of consumer demand for professional retraining programs have been analyzed, and key target audiences, along with their personnel and competency needs, have been identified. The structure of additional professional education (APE) offerings in the field of physical education and sports on the Russian educational services market has been determined and studied; the main providers of educational services have been identified, and the content and forms of training of the implemented professional retraining programs have been analyzed. The main aspects of pricing policy in this area have been defined, examples of successful implementation of professional retraining programs have been presented, and their comparative analysis has been conducted in the context of the main challenges and prospects for the development of this segment of the educational services market.

The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the influence of constructive and destructive agentic parameters on mental self-regulation. Research methods and organization. The study involved 104 athletes of both genders, with varying levels of sports proficiency, professionally practicing the martial art of Capoeira. The respondents were assessed using methodologies that diagnose regulatory parameters: "Behavioral Self-Regulation Style – 98" and constructive/destructive agentic qualities: "Personality Protest Activity," "Stress Coping Strategies," and "Psychosocial Maturity." Multiple regression analysis was used in the study. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that constructive agentic activity, realized through assertiveness, emancipation, cognitive motivation, and self-determination, positively influences the parameters of conscious self-regulation and contributes to an individual's success in both professional and personal life. Negative personality traits generally hinder the realization of an individual’s regulatory potential. At the same time, antisocial behavior, negativism, opposition, and independence bordering on isolation can, in certain situations, form a destructive behavior pattern that helps cope with a complex situation 'here and now,' but is ineffective in the long term and in relationship-building. Attention is drawn to the significant contribution of negative personality traits to regulatory autonomy, which demonstrates the ambivalence of this personality characteristic. Individuals inclined toward hyper-independence are highly likely to exhibit emotional unavailability, conflict-proneness, irritability, and behavioral inflexibility.

The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification of the role of personal constructs as a reflection of subjective moral experience, which shapes the culture of an individual's sports behavior. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, induction, modeling. Research results and conclusions. A preliminary model has been developed for the formation of a culture of sports behavior in an individual through the acquisition of subjective moral experience. It is proposed to use the repertory grid method as a diagnostic tool to assess the outcomes of the developed model, which identifies personal constructs based on the values that the athlete has adopted as their own.

The purpose of the study is to identify personality traits in relation to the psychological and pedagogical competence of final-year students of the medical faculty of a medical university. Research methods. To achieve the aims and objectives of the study, the following were used: G. Schmishek's questionnaire, the Communicative and Organizational Tendencies test by V.V. Sinyavsky and V.A. Fedoroshin (COT), Ehlers' test, and the students' average scores in solving situational tasks during the academic cycle (100-point grading scale according to the point-rating system (PRS)). Research results. The evaluation of the research results showed that the personality traits of students at the medical faculty are characterized by a predominance of hyperthymic traits, pronounced emotional lability, a reduced level of anxiety, a high degree of self-confidence, and relatively low communicative abilities. At the same time, a high level of motivation to avoid failure was identified, with a tendency toward defensive behavior, fear of making mistakes, and a strong desire to avoid risky situations.