卷 24, 编号 1 (2024)

The article presents a sociological analysis of the family role structure as the involvement of spouses in various types of social activity. This problem is actualized among Russians under the change in the meanings of the family as an institution, the roles of redistribution between men and women. The novelty of the study is that the types of family role structure; reveals the connection of the combined role structure in a married couple with the social activity of the dyad; the relationship of the role structure of the family with the satisfaction of needs in various types of social activity was revealed. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the role structure of the family and the degree of involvement of spouses in various types of social activity; to determine the mutual ideas of spouses on family roles; to establish the types of social activity that are infl uenced by the agreed and inconsistent family role structure to a greater and lesser extent. A qualitative sociological study was carried out by using the methods of in-depth interviews and semantic diff erential (A. I. Antonov's method), in which 13 married couples aged from 23 to 52 years took part. The role structures of the family that infl uence the social activity of the dyad are identifi ed: compatible and inconsistent role structures. Consistency of roles in a married couple has a positive eff ect on the following types of activity of spouses: labor, socio-economic, educational and developmental, socially useful, leisure activities. No connection was found between the consistency of spouses' ideas about the distribution of roles in the family and their activity in the socio-political sphere. In addition, the role consistency of marital relationships is associated with the degree of involvement and satisfaction of the husband and wife with participation in various types of social activity: spouses from “compatible” couples are more satisfi ed with participation in various types of social life, it is more diverse for them, and they devote more time to it. Marital compatibility is also associated with self-esteem of one's own life, satisfaction with the extra-family life of the spouses. The spouses from "compatible" families see their lives as full and satisfi ed; the positive impact of the quality of relationships on social activity was noted. The analysis of the results of an empirical study showed that the role structure of the family and the social activity of husband and wife are related: the greater the consistency of roles is observed in a married couple, the more socially active the spouses are. Mutual understanding and consistency of the role structure contributes to a more complete realization of the spouses, increasing satisfaction with their life in general and its family component.

Информатизация различных сторон жизни общества и цифровизация отраслей экономики изменили содержание деятельности многих социальных институтов. Это коснулось проблемы социальных взаимодействий в современном высшем образовании. Практические действия в аспекте цифровизации высшего образования требуют осмысления в социальном аспекте для их эффективного регулирования. Целью статьи является определение факторов, влияющих на выполнение основных институциональных функций высшего образования через социальные взаимодействия преподавателей и учащихся в условиях цифровизации высшего образования (в частности, при переходе на дистанционное обучение). Рассмотрены теоретические подходы к пониманию процессов цифровизации, которые дополняются известными подходами к исследованию сущности социальных взаимодействий. Использованы системный и институциональный подходы. Теоретический анализ особенностей социальных взаимодействий с использованием цифровых технологий дополнен вторичным анализом социологических исследований по проблемам цифровизации системы высшего образования, внедрения цифровых технологий и дистанционного обучения в вузах, результатами социологического опроса студентов Пензенского государственного университета (апрель–май 2020 г.). Описан опыт ведущих вузов по использованию искусственного интеллекта, аналитики больших данных и работы нейросетей в деятельности университета. На основе проведенных исследований и вторичного анализа данных сделан вывод о том, что институциональная функция передачи знаний в системе высшего образования достаточно успешно выполнялась в новых условиях обучения. На возможности социальных взаимодействий и коммуникаций с преподавателями, управленческими структурами вузов влияют технолого-технические, учебно-технологические, организационные, коммуникационные факторы. Под их влиянием будут формироваться профессиональные и общекультурные компетенции выпускников вузов, которые являются предпосылками для получения ими новых социальных статусов после окончания вуза.

The article examines residents' perceptions of the urban environment in a resource-type region. The ideas are identifi ed, and key requests for changing the urban environment are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to identify the ideas of the urban environment and analyze the key requests of residents to change it. Depending on the experience of interaction with the urban environment, general and personalized requests are formed. The presented study, includes a questionnaire survey and the focus group interview with the residents of Kemerovo. The focus group interview was attended by such groups of citizens as “Schoolchildren”, “Old-timers of the city”, a group of representatives of the cultural and educational sphere of the city, “City activists”. As a result, ideas about the history of the city, the problems of the territory, the uniqueness of the city and the future of the city are highlighted. The ideas about the city are formed under the infl uence of various factors, such as an age, an occupation, a level of education, etc. “Schoolchildren” perceive the city as a place of birth and study; “Old-timers” do it through the prism of their experience, including professional; “Historians, cultural experts” see the city as a refl ection of history, and “Urban activists” see a space for the changes and the implementation of their projects. In the minds of Kemerovo residents, industry is an important part of the city; on  the other hand, the transition to new sectors of development is important for residents. It was revealed that residents, even when articulating a request to change the urban environment, prefer to play passive roles in the process of solving urban problems. Kemerovo residents are aware of the problems of the urban environment, but are not ready for concrete actions to solve them.

The article updates the need to study the role and importance of sports in the system of socialization and health-saving behavior of youth in the region (using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan). The understanding of the socialization system is being updated through the prism of the totality of the diversity of determination mechanisms and conditions that can act, including the conditions for the formation of value systems for a healthy lifestyle and playing sports, which formulated the research problem presented in this article. The results of the author's sociological research obtained by the questionnaire in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023 are presented (N = 820 people aged 18 to 35 years, a target sample; the selection criteria – a gender, an age, a region of residence). During the analysis of the survey data, the assumption was formulated that at the regional level, the role of sports and sports infrastructure in the system of socialization of youth and the implementation of health-saving behavior can be assessed through empirical indicators – internal and external determinants. Today It that young people in general highly appreciate the role of sports and the prestige of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the orientation of the infrastructure of their region towards sports as a priority form of leisure and recreation among young people, designating sports infrastructure as one of the signifi cant conditions in the formation of value systems for health-saving behavior and motivator for playing sports and developing the sports movement among the younger generation. The analysis of the data obtained and identifi cation of the role of sports as one of the determinative imperatives in the system of socialization of youth objectifi es its role in the focus of the need to understand the direct infl uence of internal attitudes on playing sports and environmental factors, such as sports infrastructure, conditions, mechanisms, directions and programs for supporting sports among youth of the region in modern conditions.

The article substantiates the diff erence between political science and sociological approaches to the analysis of political identities of young people. The authors come to the conclusion that the sociological approach in most cases assumes that political identities of citizens are analyzed and interpreted by the researcher as relevant at the time of conducting sociological research as a resource and tool for political selfreproduction of the social system. The political science approach implies that political identities are studied from the perspective of probable and necessary changes in their content, as well as the political risks that may arise in the wake of such changes. In order to increase the accuracy of predicting further political participation of young citizens, it is important for a political scientist to identify how a young person sees his or her personal contribution to the implementation of identity changes, or to counteract them, which life-meaning guidelines (s)he is willing to sacrifi ce for the sake of participation in politics, and which ones (s)he is not.

The authors explore current problems of public administration of processes related to combating corruption, focusing on its theoretical, methodological, political and legal aspects. This is due to the fact that the society has formed a demand to ensure resolute counteraction to corruption, the spread of which creates an existential threat to Russian society. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the eff orts of the government, business and civil society, including the scientifi c and expert community, aimed at solving this problem. Special attention is paid to the search and use of adequate theoretical and methodological approaches to the corruption problem, which has a complex nature, and the development of eff ective anti-corruption technologies. In this regard, a critical analysis was carried out and the inconsistency of biologizing and sociologizing interpretations of corruption, recognition of its “eternal” nature, etc., was shown, which leads to the development and use of ineff ective anticorruption tools. On the contrary, heuristic possibilities of dialectical, concrete-historical and interdisciplinary approaches to the development of anti-corruption system are postulated. It is concluded that the deep origins, causes and factors that generate corruption in modern Russia are rooted in the model of social structure chosen in the 1990s. The necessity of developing and implementing an updated state anti-corruption policy in the context of ongoing and expected socio-economic and political transformations is substantiated. It is shown that the updated anti-corruption policy should be implemented in dialectical unity with the state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values.

This article focuses on the aspects of agenda formation in Russian-language Telegram messenger channels. Within the framework of the classical model of M. McCombs and D. Shaw, the main principles of agenda setting by traditional media are analyzed. Building upon the fi ndings of more recent research in the fi eld of agenda setting in the digital space, the authors highlight the advantages of social media as communication platforms and potential reasons for their increasing popularity among both individuals and political actors. Furthermore, the relevant features of the Telegram messenger in the context of political communication are systematically described, such as the lack of strict content moderation, emphasis on the speed of information exchange, user privacy, and the need for an individualized approach to shaping the information fi eld for each user. Based on the platform’s characteristics, a model for agenda formation is proposed, which involves categorizing channels into two levels: content information producers and news aggregators/interpreters. The hypothesis is also put forward that channels that aggregate and interpret information through an extensive network of links have the greatest potential for setting the agenda for their audience. To test the model, a pilot study was conducted using the Tgstat service, where the top 10 most cited channels from the “Media and News” and “Politics” categories for October 2023 were selected. Subsequently, no more than 50 channels were included in the analysis, those which were most frequently mentioned by the popular authors. The researchers conclude that multiple agendas can coexist within the messenger within various thematic blocks. These thematic blocks are formed through the network of links to channels that the most popular platforms on the messenger feature in their news feeds.

The article forecasts the risks for the implementation of a new strategy of educational reforms in our country, which arise in the wake of uncertainty with the key idea of this strategy – i.e. to make the Russian education system “sovereign”. An analysis was carried out of possible options for the reaction of managers responsible for the development and implementation of this strategy, as well as teaching staff and interested citizens to the proposal from the state to abandon the Bologna system of organizing educational space and make the new education system fundamentally different, but, at the same time, to preserve “all the best” from the previous Bologna system in the new sovereign system. The author’s opinion is substantiated that uncertainty with the theoretical foundations of the new state policy strategy will inevitably provoke the desire of individual subjects of educational policy to interpret the meaning of this strategy in their own way and attempts to impose their understanding on other subjects. In such conditions, it is likely that new reformswill turn from a tool for consolidating civil society around the sovereign interests of the Russian state into a challenge to stability in the internal politics of the state and in civil life.

The article provides an analysis of measures designed to counter anti-Russian sanctions. Countering sanctions is considered in the context of ensuring economic security. The article reveals decision making in the field of countering economic sanctions. It identifies the main directions of measures introduced to help the economy to adjust to the restrictions and to counter the threats posed by the new sanctions. Ensuring economic security in the context of sanctions is carried out at two levels: national and subnational. The framework and main directions of the respective policy are determined at the national level. The president of Russia determines the guidelines of the internal and foreign policies of the state, issues decrees and orders defining the particularities of a policy. The Government and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation implement policies determined by the president and generally influence economic security of the country. Thus, when the new sanctions were imposed, the president issued several orders designed to support certain sectors of the economy and strengthen the economic sovereignty and also defined new priorities for foreign economic cooperation – The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Asia, Africa and Latin America. At the subnational level, regional authorities determine more specific policies within the framework formed at the national level. The common directions of measures designed to counter the sanctions at the regional level were the following: import substitution, stimulation of export activity, formation of new logistics chains, enhancement of cooperation between Russian regions, development of some other directions for foreign trade, formation of a more attractive investment climate. However, the set of tools and resources regional authorities used more actively in the context of countering the new sanctions differs from region to region.