180 years of serving The Homeland (for the anniversary of the department and сlinic of faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov)

This study presents the main historical aspects of the formation and subsequent development of the department and clinic of the faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov, which is one of the leading surgical institutions in Russia. The main achievements of the multifaceted activities of the department and clinical teams over a 180-year period of fruitful work are analyzed. The paper also highlighted the role of N.I. Pirogov as a brilliant surgeon and the first head of the department in the formation of the basic principles of the development of surgery as a clinical and scientific discipline, which formed the basis for the subsequent work of the department team. The implementation of his innovative idea at that time of combining the department and clinic made it possible to implement the concept of surgery at the patient’s bedside; as a result, its theoretical and practical foundations were harmoniously combined in the educational process. This contributed to the formation of clinical thinking and significantly increased the level of professional training of doctors. Students of N.I. Pirogov have rich scientific, clinical, and pedagogical potential, which was accompanied by loyalty to traditions. Professor S.P. Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of the scientific department school. For more than 30 years of his brilliant leadership, the department has become a real cradle of several scientific and practical areas, including urology, oncology, transfusiology, neurosurgery, hepatobiliary, and endocrine surgery. Compliance with the continuity between subsequent generations of surgeons, together with the talent and outstanding abilities of the department heads, such as V.N. Shamov, V.M. Sitenko, and N.A. Maistrenko, made it possible not only to implement the ideas of N.I. Pirogov but also to create a unique scientific school, whose representatives have made a great contribution to the development of several surgical disciplines.