Effect of topical application of a modified dosage form of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in complex therapy of Ascherman syndrome

The effectiveness of the use of a modified intrauterine gel form of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the complex treatment of Ascherman syndrome is evaluated. The study involved 31 patients with a history of Ascherman syndrome. For 6 months, the patients underwent weekly intrauterine administration of 1 ml of gel with a concentration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor of 9 million IU/ml using an intrauterine catheter. Monthly M-echo was evaluated on the 19th–22nd day of the menstrual cycle, as well as the volume of menstrual blood loss according to the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart. After the treatment was completed, a control hysteroscopy was performed. There is a statistically significant increase in M-echo from 2. 61 ± 1. 71 to 6. 52 ± 1. 23 mm (p < 0. 001). At the same time, the proportion of patients with M-echo 6 and 7 mm increased from 6. 45 and 0% to 80. 65 and 51. 61, respectively, over the 6 months of the study. There is also a statistically significant increase in menstrual blood loss from 24. 9 ± 2. 6 to 53. 5 ± 3. 4 points on the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (p < 0. 001). A response to therapy was achieved in 17 patients, among them 12 patients were diagnosed with pregnancy that occurred spontaneously (17. 65%) or as a result of in vitro fertilization protocol (52. 9%). The data obtained indicate that intrauterine administration of a gel with granulocyte colony stimulating factor promotes endometrial regeneration in patients suffering from Ascherman syndrome, which is expressed in an increase in M-echo and the volume of menstrual blood loss. Thus, adjuvant use of a hydrogel with granulocyte colony stimulating factor and hyaluronic acid is an effective treatment option in restoring reproductive function and preventing recurrence of adhesiogenesis after surgical treatment of Ascherman syndrome. In general, the proposed gel form with granulocyte colony stimulating factor allows us to reduce the frequency of administration of the drug, which theoretically can increase both the compliance of patients primarily by reducing the number of invasive procedures, and reduce treatment costs.