Том 23, № 1 (2023)

The first results of data processing of the experiment on the Nizhny Novgorod cable car are presented. A pulsed X-band radar was installed on a technological trolley and performed measurements while moving in two modes that worked sequentially. In the radio altimeter mode, the reflected waveform was measured and the distance to the scattering surface was determined. In the Doppler mode, the Doppler spectrum of the reflected signal was measured, which contains information about the statistical parameters of the surface. Data processing was carried out and the first results confirmed the assumption that the Doppler spectrum can be an effective tool for classifying the type of the underlying surface according to the "ice/water" criterion. Subsequent data processing will allow us to evaluate the accuracy of the developed algorithms.

The level fluctuations of the White Sea (WS) in the synoptic range of time scales including tides and surge fluctuations are considered based on observational data covering the period 2004–2020. The hourly level observation data of the coast stations were used: Sosnovets, Severodvinsk, Solovki, Kem-Port, Kandalaksha, as well as in the area of the White Sea Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University (WSBS MSU) in 2008–2009. The values of spring and neap tides at these points are refined, and their features such as parallax inequality and the influence of shallow water components are considered. The surge run-offs and run-ups are explored based on the analysis of residual sea level fluctuations (RSL), which is determined by removing the tidal component from the observational data. The RSL fluctuations in the Dvina Bay are characterized by the greatest variance. The RSL fluctuations at Solovki and Sosnovets have approximately the same variance, which is significantly lower than in the Dvina Bay. The lowest variance is observed at Kandalaksha. According to the data obtained at the Severodvinsk and Solovki stations, a noticeable increase in RSL variance is observed, which indicates that the intensity of RSL fluctuations increased during the time interval under consideration. This conclusion is also confirmed by the calculations of the positive RSL values survivor function, as well as by the fact that the number of surge run-ups with a height of no less than 100 cm for 11 years (from 2004 to 2014) was only two, and in the six-year period (2015–2020) there were already five such events. The largest surge run-ups at Severodvinsk during the period under review reached a height of 130 cm (August 22, 2018) and 153 cm (November 15, 2011). Significant surge run-offs occur less frequently than surge run-ups and, as a rule, are inferior to the latter in their absolute value. The surge run-off on January 31, 2005 was the strongest for the entire period of 2004–2020. At Severodvinsk RSL decreased by 123 cm below the average monthly mark. In other cases, the most significant RSL falls relative to the average monthly value were about 70 cm.

We have studied the orogenic fragile deformation of the upper Earth’s crust of several areas of the Eurasian continent, where deformations have occurred many times – in the Tian Shan and Altai-Sayan regions of the Central Asian Paleozoic Fold Belt and in the Baltic region in the Fennoscandian Shield (East European Platform). Our processing of data on the trends of more than 4000 faults allows us to identify fault systems and relationships among these fault systems. Changes in the intensity and kinematics of the activity of fault systems in different epochs of deformation of regions are revealed. In the Tien Shan and Altai-Sayan regions, fault movements occurred during Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic and Late Cenozoic orogenies. No new fault systems appeared in the Late Cenozoic deformation in the Tien Shan, where only movement along Paleozoic faults that were suitably oriented occurred. In the Altai-Sayan region, we identify the Late Paleozoic associations of fault systems that activated in the recent epoch and the association of fault systems created in the Late Cenozoic. The Fennoscandian Shield shows different fault kinematics in four Early Proterozoic deformational periods. Our method of analysis of associations of fault systems contributes to a systematization of data on multi-stage deformation in the upper crust of these regions.