Rare and Valuable Metals in Oils and Coals of the Russian Federation: Content and Methods of Extraction

Abstract

The content of rare and valuable metals in oils and coals of the RF and methods for their extraction are reviewed. It is shown that oils, natural bitumens, and coals can be regarded as a potential source of rare and valuable metals. At present, methods of acid or alkaline leaching are used to extract metals from petcoke and ash products. The metals having the minimum content to enable an economically justified commercial development were determined. The economically justified extraction of the rest of the metals is only possible in combination with obtaining other products or via development and implementation of new energy-resource-effective technologies.