卷 43, 编号 2 (2018)

In this article the true affiliation is Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, lbn Tofail University, B.P 242, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco

Currently, the Earth system models are widely used for studying present-day climate dynamics and for palaeoreconstructions. A full Earth system model should include dynamical ice sheet models of Greenland and Antarctica as subsystems. To couple the latters with the atmospheric and with the oceanic blocks, it is necessary to introduce a special procedure to sustain mutual data exchange between subsystems with different temporal and spatial scales. In this paper, we give a brief description of the blocks of the Earth system model developed in the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of RAS (INMCM). On the basis of the previous studies aimed at examination of sensitivity of the cryospheric block of the model to variations in the key model parameters, we carried out numerical experiments to prove stability of the model climate and to establish equilibration time of the Greenland ice sheet to the conventional pre-industrial climate. It was confirmed that our Earth System Model with the interactively and asynchronously coupled Greenland ice sheet model simulates stationary climate. Equilibration time of the Greenland ice sheet is nearly 20 thousand model years. It was demonstrated that the values of calculated surface mass balance and its components correspond to similar model results described in the literature.

The one-dimensional thermodynamic model adapted to the physiographic conditions of the Kerch Strait was used to study the seasonal evolution of sea ice thickness in the Kerch and Kamysh-Burun bays in the winter of 2007/2008. The dependence of the regional variability of ice thickness on hydrometeorological conditions is analyzed.

Storm surges and wind waves in the Taganrog Bay (the Sea of Azov) are simulated with the ADCIRC+SWAN numerical model, and the mechanisms of the Don River delta flooding are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the most intensive flooding of the Don River delta occurs in case of southwestern wind with the speed of not less than 15 m/s. A storm surge leads to the intensification of wind waves in the whole Taganrog Bay due to the general sea level rise. As a result, the significant wave height near the Don River delta increases by 0.5–0.6 m.

Spatial and temporal characteristics of snow depth, snow density, and snow water equivalent in the mountainous regions of Iran were investigated. It is obtained that in the mountainous regions the coefficients of variation (CV) for snow depth in January, February, March and April are smaller than on the plain and decrease in April. CV estimates for snow density were smaller, and those for snow water equivalent are greater than the corresponding CVs for snow depth. The regional CV patterns were similar for the three variables. The trend in their variations was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test. The results showed that the three snowpack characteristics were stationary during the last four decades. There is a decreasing or increasing trend in three of the nine stations. The spatial variability of three snowpack characteristics was assessed using the inverse weighted distance squared (IDW) technique.

The review is based on the operation results of the system for total ozone (TO) monitoring in the CIS and Baltic countries functioning in the operational regime at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses data from the national network equipped with M-124 filter ozonometers being under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the entire system functioning is operationally controlled in CAO through the comparison with the observations obtained from the OMI satellite equipment (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the fourth quarter of 2017, for the whole fourth quarter, and for the whole year. The data of routine observations of surface ozone values in the Moscow region and Crimea are also considered.