卷 62, 编号 9 (2019)

Coal samples and the sorbents derived from them are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. A correlation is established between the formation of a developed sorbent surface by the leaching of coal and the degree of graphitization calculated from the Raman spectra. An inverse correlation is found between the metamorphic development of the initial coal and the specific surface of the derived sorbent.

When coal is crushed, it fractures along the bedding planes and also along the boundaries with mineral inclusions. In the latter case, the mineral inclusions are released and separated from the coal. The release of the mineral inclusions may be precisely measured, but special instruments are required and these methods are of little utility. In the present work, the release of mineral inclusions is calculated by means of the Hancock–Luyken formula for coal from three Russian fields. Different crushing methods are employed. The dispersion coefficient N indicates similar results for hammer crushing of coal from different fields. The effect on the mineral inclusions is basically the same when different disintegration methods are used. However, little crushing is observed when using the KID-300 hybrid system and two-stage treatment in the DShch-60×100 jawbreaker and the DG-200×125 roller system.

Analysis of the factors that significantly affect the moisture content of wet-quenched coke provides the basis for measures to stabilize the moisture content at all stages of the process: in the formulation, preparation, and coking of the coal batch and subsequent treatment of the coke. Those measures include the use of batch compositions, preparation techniques, and coking parameters such that uniformly conditioned coke with reasonable levels of porosity and specific surface is produced; uniform intake of coke in the charging car; sprayer configurations in the quenching tower such that the whole coke charge in the charging car is uniformly cooled; appropriate adjustment of the pumps, sprayers, and other equipment in the quenching tower; quenching by means of biochemically treated water without excessive organic pollutants; strict compliance with the quenching conditions (quenching time and residence time of the coke-filled car beneath the quenching tower); uniform distribution of the coke on the ramp; specified holding time of the coke on the ramp since shortening of that time is accompanied by exponential rise in moisture content; systematic identification of incompletely quenched coke on the ramp and its correction by manual quenching on the ramp and automatic quenching during coke transportation for sorting; and the use of air holes in the bunkers holding the blast-furnace coke so as to stabilize its moisture content.

Recently, there has been growing interest in asphaltenes, which are byproducts of petroleum processing and coal liquefaction. However, most data on the macromolecular structure and morphological characteristics of asphaltene aggregates relate to the petrochemical industry. We know that the concentration of asphaltene in solution affects the structure of their associates, which is also modified by the presence of various additives. The formation of planar associates of asphaltenes and condensed graphite-like structures are of particular interest. In order to optimize the graphitization of the anode mass, coal pitch (the β fraction) is investigated. In the heat treatment of the anode mass, the best binder is pitch with a high content of β fraction. The structuring of the asphaltene macromolecules in solution has not been studied for coal pitch. In the present work, in order to investigate the self-assembly of molecular aggregates of coal-pitch asphaltenes, the morphology and structure of powder particles for coal-pitch asphaltenes are investigated by various methods. The β fraction of pitch containing asphaltenes is separated by means of selectively soluble groups. Toluene and hexane are used as the selective solvents. On the basis of X-ray phase analysis, the coke residue of coal-pitch asphaltenes contains crystallites of naphthene–aromatic layers. The crystalline properties of the deposited asphaltene particles hardly depend on the deposition conditions. The powder mainly consists of turbostratic carbon structures.

Briquetting of PAO Koks coke dust with different binders is considered. The best results are obtained with carbamide, which yields briquets of high strength, with low sulfur content. Comparison of briquetting by one-time and pulsed pressing shows that the strength is greater after pulsed pressing.