Prospects for the development of brown coal deposits in kazakhstan and their quality evaluation for the direct iron reduction process

Abstract

The paper describes modern requirements on the quality of carbonaceous materials used in the direct iron reduction process. Complex investigations of the quality of brown coals of Kazakhstan with regard to the direct iron reduction process included study of the material composition of the general and mineral parts, petrographic composition, and physicochemical characteristics (density, porosity, CO₂ reactivity, structural strength, and heat resistance). Recommendations and ranking of the studied coals for use as carbon reducing agents are provided.