Physical Properties of Urban Soils in Rostov Agglomeration

Аннотация

Transformation of particle-size composition, structure, and density of soils upon urbopedogenesis is considered for Rostov agglomeration. Various soils are compared by horizons. It is found that the share of sand fractions increases in upper and middle horizons of migration–segregation chernozems (Calcic Chernozem (Hyperhumic, Loamic)), above all, at the expense of particles of 0.05—0.001 mm in size; with the coarse medium sand fraction 1–0.25 mm being diagnostic for urbopedogenesis. The reason is the introduction of sandy particles upon urban construction, arranging water conduits and other utility lines, as well as the use of icing-control sandy mixtures. The Dolgov-Bakhtin schedule appears to be the most appropriate for assessing the structure of urban soils. Dry sieving testified to the decreasing amount of agriculturally valuable aggregates in all compared pairs of horizons in the sequence of urban soils: under forest vegetation → under steppe vegetation → in the buried massif of urbosoils. The water stability of aggregates decreases in the sequence: soils under steppe vegetation → buried horizons of urbosoils → soils under forest vegetation. The following sequence of urbic horizons (UR and RAT) shows a decrease in the share of agriculturally valuable fractions and an increase in their water stability: heavy-textured UR → light-textured UR → RAT. The density of natural soils varies insignificantly within the city territory, with its urbostratified soils (Calcic Chernozem Novic (Technic Loamic) in residential areas often manifesting the maximal density.