Expansion dynamics of a two-component quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate: Phase diagram, self-similar solutions, and dispersive shock waves

详细

We investigate the expansion dynamics of a Bose–Einstein condensate that consists of two components and is initially confined in a quasi-one-dimensional trap. We classify the possible initial states of the two-component condensate by taking into account the nonuniformity of the distributions of its components and construct the corresponding phase diagram in the plane of nonlinear interaction constants. The differential equations that describe the condensate evolution are derived by assuming that the condensate density and velocity depend on the spatial coordinate quadratically and linearly, respectively, which reproduces the initial equilibrium distribution of the condensate in the trap in the Thomas–Fermi approximation. We have obtained self-similar solutions of these differential equations for several important special cases and write out asymptotic formulas describing the condensate motion on long time scales, when the condensate density becomes so low that the interaction between atoms may be neglected. The problem on the dynamics of immiscible components with the formation of dispersive shock waves is considered. We compare the numerical solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equations with their approximate analytical solutions and numerically study the situations where the analytical method being used admits no exact solutions.