卷 28, 编号 1 (2019)

Lidar measurements of atmospheric gases in the spectral ranges 1.8–2.5 and 3–4 μm have been numerically simulated. The differential absorption lidar system based on optical parametric oscillators with nonlinear KTA and KTP crystals is described; it allows tuning laser radiation in the near/mid-IR wavelength regions. Lidar echoes have been experimentally recorded in the 1.8–2.5 and 3–4 μm wavelength ranges.

The dispersion of estimates of the time to achieve human level AI is discussed at length. Some of the reasons behind this diversity are exposed and thoroughly analyzed. A special role of human language in providing both natural human intelligence and AI is extensively discussed. The more straightforward and expectedly much faster than currently pursued way of proceeding to the goal is dotted and discussed in crude detail.

Around one-third of the world’s population drinks water from groundwater resources. Of this, about 10 percent, approximately 300 million people, obtains water from groundwater resources. This study identify and mapping of groundwater potential zone for growing population, irrigation and industrial development, combining with remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS) and field data for hydrological research in Kalmykia, Russia. Various thematic layers (i.e. land use/cove, soil, geomorphology, lithology, elevation, slope, rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), drainage density, lineament density, degraded land, forest, relief, vegetation, surface water body, land use, agriculture, flow accumulation, flow direction and base map) wear used along with existing maps to prepare groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map. Weights were assigned to all above factors according to their effectiveness, sensitivity and relevance to ground water potentiality. Furthermore the resulting GWPZ map has been classified into five classes, named very high, high, moderate, low and very low based on hydro-geomorphological condition, covering 0.93, 11.65, 35.45, 43.20 and 8.77% area respectively. The results show that most part of areas with favorable lithology, soil texture, vegetation, slope, optimum rainfall condition has a high potential for groundwater. The results provide significant information and can be use by local authorities for groundwater exploitation and management.

In order to increase profits, foreign trade enterprises need to reduce costs. But cross-border RMB settlement can reduce costs of foreign trade enterprises, which avoids exchange rate risks to some extent and reduces losses. However, cross-border RMB settlement will still be affected by exchange rate changes. In order to explore the law of exchange rate changes and make predictions to reduce the impact of exchange rate changes, the multi-layer neural network algorithm was used to train and test the exchange rates of the USD, EUR, JPY and HKD between November 2017 and July 2018 on the Matlab. The result indicated that the change of currency exchange rate was regular, and different currencies have different characteristics of change. The multi-layer neural network algorithm could accurately predict the exchange rate changes of most currencies and had the best performance in predicting the exchange rates of the USD and EUR, especially the EUR and the second best performance in predicting the exchange rate of the HKD; it could predict the general trend though it had the poorest performance in predicting the exchange rate of the JPY.