Том 61, № 2 (2016)

A rational asymptotic theory describing the dynamic and thermal turbulent boundary layer on a plate at zero pressure gradient is proposed. The fact that the flow depends on a finite number of governing parameters makes it possible to formulate algebraic closure conditions, which relate the turbulent shear stress and heat flux to mean velocity and temperature gradients. As a result of an exact asymptotic solution of the boundary-layer equations, the known laws of the wall for the velocity and temperature and the velocity and temperature defect laws as well as the expression for the skin-friction coefficient, the Stanton number, and the Reynolds-analogy factor are obtained. The latter implies two new formulations of the temperature-defect law, one of which is completely similar to the velocity-defect law and does not contain the Stanton number and the turbulent Prandtl number, and the other does not contain the skin-friction coefficient. A heat-transfer law that relates only thermal quantities is also obtained. The conclusions of the theory agree well with experimental data.

The motion of a buoyant vortex ring in the direction opposite to the lifting force of a set magnitude in a wide range of variation of its initial velocity is experimentally investigated. The dynamics of its sizes is determined; the experimental results are compared with the theoretical data for homogeneous and inhomogeneous buoyant vortices in the gravity field.

A mathematical unsteady pseudoshock model describing the continuous transition from supersonic to subsonic flow is constructed for a barotropic gas flow in a long flat channel or a nozzle. The model is based on a two-layer scheme of flow with mass transfer including a potential supersonic core and a turbulent boundary layer.

A model is constructed for one type of earthquake starting from the preparation through the completion of the event. This model, which is completely based on the laws of physics and mechanics, makes it possible to reveal, probably, a new type of dumping earthquake called “starting” because it precedes strong crustal earthquakes related to the interactions of lithospheric plates.

Crystallization of the Ti–Al intermetallide in the process of cooling from a melt at a constant volume has been simulated numerically using the molecular dynamics method.

Oscillations in turbogenerator sets, which consist of a synchronous generator, a hydraulic turbine, and an automatic speed regulator, are investigated. This study was motivated by the emergency that took place at the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station in 2009. During modeling of the parameters of turbogenerator sets of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station, the ranges corresponding to undesired oscillation regimes were determined. These ranges agree with the results of the full-scale tests of the hydropower units of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station performed in 1988.

The effect of the reversible direction of rotation of the movable anvil of the Bridgman camera (torsion under high quasi-hydrostatic pressure at room temperature) on the structure and mechanical properties of commercially pure iron (steel 08kp) is investigated. It is established that a change in the direction of rotation of the movable anvil under torsion substantially effects the structural characteristics of deformation fragments and dynamically recrystallized grains formed under severe plastic deformations. The effect of the method of deformation on the internal distortions of structure and on the mechanical properties is analyzed.

The results of LEND neutron telescope mapping of the lunar surface are presented. The estimations obtained show that the water content in the regolith in the polar areas of the Moon reaches 0.4 % by weight and not directly determined by the illuminated surface.