Parkinson’s disease: epidemiology and pathogenesis

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This review presents data on the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and from monographs and textbooks. The prevalence, classification, genetic variability, main pathogenetic links, and potential disease development mechanisms are described. Both classic Parkinson’s disease and variable manifestations of parkinsonism are considered. The factors that contribute to disease progression and inhibit its development are described. The main hypotheses of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease are presented. These are protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein purification systems, neuroinflammation, and pathology of the gut-brain axis.

作者简介

Denis Borozdenko

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: borozdenko@phystech.edu
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6797-9722
俄罗斯联邦, 1 Ostrovityanova str., 117997, Moscow

Vladislava Bogorodova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: BogorodovaVI@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 1 Ostrovityanova str., 117997, Moscow

Nina Kiseleva

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: kiseleva67@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1754-9051

MD, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Ostrovityanova str., 117997, Moscow

Vadim Negrebetsky

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: nmr_rsmu@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6852-8942

MD, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Ostrovityanova str., 117997, Moscow

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2. Figure 1. Risk factors of Parkinson’s disease.

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3. Figure 2. Models for the development of two types of Parkinson’s disease [58].

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