Medical Journal of the Russian Federation
type: channel
description: ISSN (print): 0869-2106, ISSN (online): 2412-9100 Founder: Izdatelstvo Meditsina Editor-in-Chief: Boris K. Romanov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine) Frequency / Access: 6 issues per year / Hybrid Included in: White List (4rd level), Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
publisher: Eco-Vector
language: ru-RU
publication name: Medical Journal of the Russian Federation
issn: 0869-2106
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive license to first publication. Authors are able to distribute the manuscript and/or the article in accordance with Self-Archiving policy of the journal (see details). The manuscript can be accepted for publication only by decision of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial board of the journal in accordance with the Manuscript stelection policy of the journal (see details). Published Article will be distributed in print and electronic version an will be available under subscription with Delayed Open Access or in Immediate Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The access model depends on the publisher's decision or is determined by a separate Open Access publishing agreement with the authors. An exclusive license for publication granted by authors allows the publisher to use the article in the following ways: Reproduction of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, in any material form, including on paper and electronic media, as a separate work in the journal and/or databases (local or in the Internet) of the publisher and/or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher; Distribution of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, on any medium as part of the journal and/or databases of the publisher or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher, or as an independent work around the world whether on Open-Access terms or for a fee without remuneration to the Author; Making the Article or any of its sections or parts, as well as the Article’s metadata in any languages, publicly available in such a way that any person can access the Article from any place, including via the Internet, and at any time of their own choosing; Granting permission/s for the…
items: Affective disorders accompanied by cognitive disorders in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases: a clinical and pathopsychological study
items: Clinical and functional model of patients with a stroke under the International classification of functioning, disability and health as a basis for personalized rehabilitation
items: Study of correlations between on-ice test performance and heart rate variability in ice hockey defensemen
items: Chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: are beta-antagonists necessary? A two-year prospective study
items: The role of gut microbiota and vitamin D in the development of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in children
items: Injuries characteristic of accidents involving personal mobility devices
items: Questionnaires for screening relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in women: a systematic review
items: Structural and functional changes in right heart in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
items: Role of microbiota in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment landscape
items: Relationship between Crohn’s disease and gut microbiota in the elderly: a literature review

Affective disorders accompanied by cognitive disorders in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases: a clinical and pathopsychological study
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: The multimorbidity of affective, cognitive, and cardiovascular diseases is an urgent issue of the contemporary medicine due to their severity, resistance to therapy, social maladjustment, and low quality of life. Common pathogenetic mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction and disorders of the frontal and subcortical connections, enhance these conditions, increasing the risks of dementia and mortality. AIM: To study the clinical and psychopathological structure of affective disorders and comorbid cognitive disorders in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases in various age groups. METHODS: An observational, single-center study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at the University Clinic of the Russian University of Medicine. The study involved 121 patients with cardiovascular diseases and non-psychotic mental disorders, including 47 (38.8%) with comorbid affective and cognitive disorders. The patients were divided into three age groups, 45–59, 60–74, and 75–90 years. Clinical psychopathological and psychometric (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and neuropsychological methods (clock drawing test, Luria’s method) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. RESULTS: In 85.1% of patients, we detected organic emotional disorders, mainly with alarming symptoms. Significant differences in the clinical structure of affective disorders between the groups indicate age-related differences (p = 0.045). Cognitive disorders (visual and constructional praxis, attention, memory, abstract thinking) are associated with vascular changes and dysfunction of the frontal lobes. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were in the range of 18–27; the average score in the 45–59 group (24.9 ± 0.3) was higher compared to the 60–74 (23.5 ± 0.2; p < 0.05) and 75–90 groups (23.4 ± 0.3; p < 0.05). Moderate cognitive disorders were detected in 55.3% of cases, severe cognitive disorders …
creator: Irina Yu. Mashkova
creator: Galina A. Aleshkina
creator: Yuri A. Vasyuk
creator: Leonid M. Bardenshteyn
creator: Marina A. Samushiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 322
ending page: 330
doi: 10.17816/medjrf678932

Clinical and functional model of patients with a stroke under the International classification of functioning, disability and health as a basis for personalized rehabilitation
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Stroke is a pressing healthcare and social issue. The treatment and rehabilitation outcome relies on a comprehensive approach and an individual medical rehabilitation (MR) plan based on the clinical manifestations and functional status of the patient. Diverse symptoms caused by variable brain damage and individual characteristics require medical decisions to improve MR programs. The clinical and functional patient model based on the biopsychosocial approach is the basis for the classification of health and improved MR programs. AIM: To develop clinical and functional rehabilitation models for patients with a stroke based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for the further development of a personalized MR plan. METHODS: A single-center, prospective, cohort, continuous uncontrolled study was conducted at the Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine named after S.I. Spasokukotsky of Moscow Healthcare Department. The study included 957 patients with ischemic stroke. Stage 1 involved the clinical and functional evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, and the ICF classification. Stage 2 involved the development of clinical and functional models of patients with a stroke. We conducted a clinical examination; the assessment was made using standardized scales and questionnaires and ICF domains. RESULTS: The study identified the most common patterns of dysfunction and performance impairment in patients with ischemic stroke. The most relevant ICF domains were analyzed to describe each model. Nine clinical and functional models of patients with a stroke were developed based on clinical evidence and ICF. Each model has a set of functional disorders (predominant dysfunction of the upper limb, predominant dysfunction of the lower limb, and coexistent disorders) grouped by severity (mild, mode…
creator: Liudmila V. Petrova
creator: Elena V. Kostenko
creator: Irena V. Pogonchenkova
creator: Maksim S. Filippov
creator: Elena V. Kaverina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 331
ending page: 341
doi: 10.17816/medjrf679267

Study of correlations between on-ice test performance and heart rate variability in ice hockey defensemen
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability indicators in ice hockey athletes have been explored very poorly thus far. Investigating correlations between the indicators of heart rate variability and on-ice testing (the most efficient method for assessing special work capacity, energy supply, and adaptation of ice hockey players) is highly crucial given the labor intensity, high cost, and invasiveness of on-ice testing. AIM: To study heart rate variability indicators in ice hockey defensemen during on-ice tests and to identify correlations between the metrics resulting from the examination using two methods. METHODS: The study involved ten defensemen from a major league hockey team aged between 19 and 34 during the season of play. The study methods included: pulse measurement using the PolarTeamPro2 team system; determination of lactic acid content in blood using a photometric method; estimation of special work capacity, energy supply, and blood buffer capacity of players through on-ice testing; 5-minute rhythmocardiography using the KFS-01.001 Cardiometer-MT electrocardiograph (MIKARD-LANA, Russia). Results data were statistically processed using the Excel-2017 software. RESULTS: Seven out of ten athletes (70%) had type 3 heart rate regulation according to Shlyk’s classification. Based on the median spectral indicators, it turned out that the central heart rate regulation circuit (low-frequency waves and very low-frequency waves) was dominant in defensemen. The total wave spectrum growth significantly correlated with the heart rate recovery indicators in the sample of defensemen (the correlation coefficient was −0.69) and suggested that the characteristics of the defensemen were close to the model characteristics of on-ice testing (correlation coefficient of 0.689). The value of the parasympathetic component of the wave spectrum (high-frequency waves) significantly negatively correlated with the test completion time (correlation coefficient of −0.48) (special work capacity) …
creator: Elena A. Gavrilova
creator: Dmitry V. Oreshkov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 342
ending page: 347
doi: 10.17816/medjrf679714

Chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: are beta-antagonists necessary? A two-year prospective study
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction have triggered an ≥50% increase in the proportion of patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The relevance of using adrenergic beta-antagonists in this patient cohort remains a topic of active debate. AIM: To study the two-year catamnesis of patients suffering from myocardial infarction with chronic heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who either received or did not receive adrenergic beta-antagonists. METHODS: The study encompassed 127 patients with myocardial infarction aged 53 (48; 60) years with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. On days 4–9 of myocardial infarction and on its 12- and 24-month anniversary, echocardiography with assessment of global longitudinal strain, longitudinal electrocardiogram monitoring, measurement of N-terminal natriuretic hormone peptide concentration, and a 6-minute walk test were performed. The endpoint was chronic heart failure progression over subsequent 2 years. RESULTS: The adrenergic beta-antagonist group included 98 patients (77%) who received adrenergic beta-antagonist therapy, whereas the remaining 29 patients (23%) who did not receive such therapy due to hypotension and bradycardia made up the no adrenergic beta-antagonist group. In the adrenergic beta-antagonist group, by the second year of the post-infarction period, there was an increase in the indexed values of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by 3.1% (р = 0.00077) and global longitudinal strain by 2.4% (р = 0.0002); in the other group, these parameters remained flat. In patients of the adrenergic beta-antagonist group, a decrease in chronotropic load on the myocardium and an increase in the circadian index while maintaining its rigid level were recorded; in the no adrenergic beta-antagonist group of patients, an increase in chronotropic load and normalization of the circadian heart r…
creator: Elena V. Averyanova
creator: Angelina A. Chernova
creator: Olga D. Vershinina
creator: Valentin E. Oleynikov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 348
ending page: 359
doi: 10.17816/medjrf677312

The role of gut microbiota and vitamin D in the development of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in children
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota and vitamin D may be instrumental in the development of atopic responses (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and food allergies) in children. Various diseases or immune pathologies, in particular atopic dermatitis and food allergies, are among manifestations of an imbalance in the composition of gut microorganisms. On top of that, vitamin D is a significant contributor both to modulating the gut microbiome composition and to diverse immune responses from innate and adaptive immunity, which affords ground for studying the relationship between these aspects in the context of the development of atopic conditions. So far, the relationship between the gut microbiota, vitamin D, and the development of these conditions in children has not been sufficiently explored. AIM: To study the relationship between the gut microbiota imbalance and immune disorders, in particular the development of food allergies and atopic dermatitis in children; to identify the relationship between bacterial signatures and vitamin D concentrations in children with atopic dermatitis and food allergies. METHODS: The 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene of 150 fecal samples from children aged 3 to 12 years was sequenced. The concentration of vitamin D in the participants’ blood serum was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thereafter, the relationship between certain bacterial signatures and serum 25(OH)D concentration was characterized through the use of statistical models (regression tree, correlation analysis, and linear regression). RESULTS: In all mathematical models used, vitamin D concentration turned out to be associated with bacterial families important for atopy, such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Sutterellaceae. The results showed that dysbiosis coupled with vitamin D deficiency is typical of the atopic profile, which may indicate the influence of these conditions on the immune system imbalance toward the Th2 response a…
creator: Irina G. Kalashnikova
creator: Alexsandra I. Nekrasova
creator: Anna V. Korobeinikova
creator: Angelica V. Zagainova
creator: Natalia V. Lavrushkina
creator: Vladimir S. Yudin
creator: Valentin V. Makarov
creator: Anton A. Keskinov
creator: Sergey M. Yudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 360
ending page: 371
doi: 10.17816/medjrf678752

Injuries characteristic of accidents involving personal mobility devices
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Personal mobility devices (PMDs) are rapidly increasing urban traffic. From 2020 to 2024, in Russia, the fleet of electric scooters grew more than 10-fold, the number of users increased 14-fold, and the number of trips increased 26-fold. This growth is related to a significant increase in injuries. In the first 9 months of 2024, the number of recorded road accidents involving PMDs reached 3,897 with 4,052 people injured and 44 people killed (an increase of 837, 825, or 340%, compared to 2021). Despite its relevance, systematic data on types of injuries and risk factors are limited as the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate only records injuries involving PMDs in cases of PMD collisions with motor vehicles or causing serious bodily harm. Cases of a person falling from a scooter are maintained in the medical record only. AIM: To study the characteristics of PMD-related injuries and to analyze the medical and social aspects of this issue in order to develop comprehensive steps to prevent PMD-related injuries. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective continuous study of 170 medical records of adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted to the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov from May 2021 to May 2025 for injuries sustained while using electric scooters, unicycles, gyro scooters, or segways. The type of injury was verified by X-ray imaging and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (if necessary); severity was assessed using the Injury Severity Score. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13.5. RESULTS: Most patients with PMD-related injuries were admitted in the autumn and spring. The examined injured individuals were predominantly males (121, or 71.1%) aged 25 to 44 years (117, or 68.8%). The Injury Severity Scale showed that most injuries were minor with the score of 4 [4; 9]. Analysis of data from 170 patients showed 262 traumatic injuries. The structure of injuries was dominated by upper limb injuries (108 cases, or…
creator: Karen A. Egiazaryan
creator: Maria V. Liadova
creator: Anna V. Liadova
creator: Vladislav Yu. Bystrenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 372
ending page: 383
doi: 10.17816/medjrf680318

Questionnaires for screening relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in women: a systematic review
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) and low energy availability are major issues in modern sports. The constant prevalence of energy expenditure on training and competition over energy intake is the main risk factor for these conditions to occur. Quantifying energy deficiency in everyday practice is rendered difficult, but questionnaires can be an effective tool for timely screening of low energy availability and RED-S. AIM: To conduct a systematic review of questionnaires used to assess RED-S risk factors in athletes. METHODS: The presented review was conducted in concert with the methodological guidelines found in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. A search was conducted through the PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline Ovid, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases from January 2010 to February 2025. The review covered articles setting forth issues regarding the assessment of reproductive health and manifestations of RED-S. RESULTS: Out of the 29 studies included in the review, ten unique questionnaires were found to identify athletes at risk of energy deficiency. Nine questionnaires were validated, three of which included only screening for eating disorders, without assessing other symptoms or training activity. Two questionnaires were most frequently used in studies and practice: the low energy availability in females questionnaire and the eating disorder examination questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Questionnaires can be effective in identifying intentional energy restriction, early detection of gynecological pathology, and the risk of energy deficiency in female athletes. Questionnaires are screening tools but not methods for diagnosing RED-S.
creator: Anastasiia E. Degteva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 384
ending page: 390
doi: 10.17816/medjrf679253

Structural and functional changes in right heart in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
type: item
description: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common condition in the global population. Despite its relatively short history of study, there has been accumulated sufficient evidence of its negative influence on the cardiovascular system. However, the condition of the right heart chambers and the development of pulmonary hypertension in this patient cohort often remain outside the focus due to disturbed hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation system. Diagnosis of right heart involvement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is challenging as there is no specific clinical manifestations and such patients have multiple comorbidities. The aim of this review article is to describe original studies and meta-analyses dedicated to examining the structures and functions of the right heart chambers and to attempt to highlight the multifaceted nature of pulmonary hypertension diagnosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The literature review was conducted using medical abstract databases PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and eLIBRARY.RU.
creator: Anton A. Karasev
creator: Nataliya G. Poteshkina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 391
ending page: 397
doi: 10.17816/medjrf681985

Role of microbiota in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment landscape
type: item
description: The gut microbiota is a complex of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, inhabiting the human intestines. Microorganisms of the intestinal microflora influence metabolism, immunological reactivity, and pathogenesis of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and others. This article examines the influence of intestinal microflora on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its treatment options. A review of publications shows that microbiota imbalance may be associated with various metabolic disorders, which is confirmed by many studies. Active metabolites affecting the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus include short-chain fatty acids, imidazole propionate, trimethylamine N-oxide, branched-chain amino acids, and tryptophan metabolites. These compounds can affect the metabolic processes in the body, including insulin sensitivity, inflammatory reactions, and glucose metabolism, which may eventually contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studying the interaction of the gut microbiota with drugs is challenging as the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. The key discussed aspects also include the contemporary treatment landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with the microbiome, namely the use of metformin as a sugar-lowering drug; the use of pro- and prebiotics; dietary and lifestyle interventions; fecal microbiota transplantation, and smoking cessation. All these treatment options show ability in controlling microbiota to manage the disease and improve therapy outcomes. Further research in this area opens up opportunities for the development of innovative treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus focused on the health of the intestinal microflora. Understanding the impact of microbiota on metabolic disorders will help to develop personalized treatment approaches and lead to improved health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
creator: Firangiz E. Gasanova
creator: Arina S. Vanyushkina
creator: Alisa A. Dubovitskaya
creator: Diana M. Kuberova
creator: Yulia T. Iotova
creator: Kirill P. Raevskii
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 398
ending page: 406
doi: 10.17816/medjrf649191

Relationship between Crohn’s disease and gut microbiota in the elderly: a literature review
type: item
description: Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that develops as a result of complex interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota. The incidence of the disease has recently increased, especially in the young and elderly population. This article examines current data on microbiota changes in patients with Crohn disease with an emphasis on the elderly population and the influence of the intestinal microflora composition on the disease course. An analysis of literature over the past 5 years from scientific databases, such as Medline, PubMed Central, eLIBRARY.RU, and Cyberleninka, has shown that the intestinal dysbiosis characteristic of the majority of patients with Crohn disease leads to a decrease in bacterial diversity and excessive growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition to the bacterial flora, an important role in the pathogenesis and course of the disease play fungi, viruses, and parasites, which is directly related to the worsening of the condition. The findings emphasize the importance of studying the role of microbiota in the development and course of the disease, which may contribute to the development of new treatment and prevention options.
creator: Lidiia V. Borodkina
creator: Alexandra D. Vereschagina
creator: Veronica S. Vladimirova
creator: Regina V. Dulepova
creator: Kirill P. Raevskii
creator: Tatyana K. Smirnova
creator: Alina V. Shelyakina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
volume: 31
number: 4
starting page: 407
ending page: 414
doi: 10.17816/medjrf677754