Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Role in Regulation of Vascular Tone at Normal Phisiological States and Obesity

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Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most mammalian blood vessels, it may be considered as the 4th layer of the vessel wall due to existence of the close contact with the adventitia. The unique location of the PVAT determines the great significance of the paracrine influences of the factors secreted by it, many of which are vasoactive modulators (adipokines, angiotensins, gasotransmitters, cytokines). Under physiological conditions, the secretion of these substances causes a pronounced anticontractile effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the existence of mutual influences between PVAT and the vascular wall allows for fine regulation of vascular tone for adequate blood supply to organs and tissues in accordance with their metabolic needs. Dysfunctional changes occurring in adipose tissue during obesity lead to changes in the expression and secretion of substances, and the protective effect of PVAT on vascular tone is transformed to a procontractile effect, enhancing vascular reactivity to the action of vasoconstrictor agents and leading to an increase in arterial pressure. The objective of the review is to present the current state of research regarding the specific functioning of the PVAT, its influence on vascular tone through secreted substances both in normal conditions and under dysfunction caused by obesity. Special emphasis is placed on paracrine effects, studying which serves as a prerequisite for future development of therapies aimed at treating vascular disorders targeting the PVAT.

Sobre autores

M. Pankova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mpankova@bk.ru
St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia

G. Lobov

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: LobovGI@infran.ru
St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia

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