<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биологические мембраны</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0233-4755</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">405981</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034521926010087</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cells of Azulene-Containing Plants: Spectral Studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клетки азулен-содержащих растений: спектральные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchina</surname><given-names>V. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощина</surname><given-names>В. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>roshchinavic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soltani</surname><given-names>G. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солтани</surname><given-names>Г. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraynyuk</surname><given-names>E. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крайнюк</surname><given-names>Е. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shovkun</surname><given-names>M. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шовкун</surname><given-names>М. М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>V. E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>В. Э</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC PSCBR RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки, ФИЦ Пущинский биологический центр РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Park</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный парк «Дендрарий» ФГБУН «Сочинский национальный парк» Министерства природных ресурсов РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nikitsky Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Никитский ботанический сад РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приокско-Террасный заповедник</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 43, NO1 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 43, №1 ()</issue-title><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/0233-4755/article/view/405981">https://journals.rcsi.science/0233-4755/article/view/405981</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The spectral study of the surface and isolated organelles of cells of azulene-containing plants of temperate climate, dry and humid subtropics of Russia was carried out. The presence of azulenes in leaves, flower petals, nuclei, and chloroplasts was detected, which was assessed by the appearance of blue color and characteristic maxima in the region of 580–640 nm in the absorbance spectra and 405–430 nm in the fluorescence spectra. These data were confirmed in experiments on extracts of these hydrophobic pigments obtained with acetone or ethanol. The pigments were extracted from the surface and from the inside of the leaves after infusing of intact leaves or isolated organelles (nuclei and chloroplasts) for 10 min or 24 h, respectively, then chromatographic purification of the azulene fraction from chlorophyll was done. The results obtained may be of interest for cellular monitoring of azulene-containing plants that may be useful for pharmacology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проведено спектральное исследование поверхности и изолированных органелл клеток азулен-содержащих растений умеренного климата, сухих и влажных субтропиков России. Обнаружено присутствие азуленов в листьях, лепестках цветков, ядрах и хлоропластах, что оценивалось по появлению голубой окраски и характерным максимумам спектров поглощения в области 580–640 нм и флуоресценции в области 405–430 нм. Данные подтверждены в экспериментах с экстрактами ацетоном или этанолом этих гидрофобных пигментов в течение 10 мин или 24 ч с поверхности и изнутри неповрежденных листьев или изолированных органелл (ядра и хлоропласты) и последующей хроматографи- ческой очисткой азуленовой фракции от хлорофилла. Полученные результаты могут представлять интерес для клеточного мониторинга азулен-содержащих видов растений, перспективных в будущем для фармакологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>azulenes</kwd><kwd>cell wall</kwd><kwd>cuticle</kwd><kwd>absorption</kwd><kwd>secretory cells</kwd><kwd>fluorescence</kwd><kwd>chloroplasts</kwd><kwd>nuclei</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>азулены</kwd><kwd>клеточная стенка</kwd><kwd>кутикула</kwd><kwd>поглощение</kwd><kwd>секреторные клетки</kwd><kwd>флуоресценция</kwd><kwd>хлоропласты</kwd><kwd>ядра</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнялась в рамках государственной программы фундаментальных научных исследований (ГП 14) по теме (проекту) 61.3 (0191-2019-0022). Регистрационный номер НИОКТР: АААА-А20-120101390067-0. Госзадание № 075-00609-24-01 от 07.02.2024.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Яшин В.А., Кучин А.В., Куньев А.Р., Солтани Г.А., Хайбулаева Л.М., Призова Н.К. 2022. Присутствие азуленов на поверхности растительных клеток как тест на чувствительность к озону. Биол. мембраны. 39 (1), 54–62. https://www.doi.org/10.31857/S023347552201008X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Призова Н.К., Хайбулаева Л.М. 2022. Азулены листовой поверхности как защитный оптический фильтр. Актуальные вопросы биологической физики и химии. 7 (1), 36–39. https://www.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0480</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Коновалов Д.А. 1995. Природные азулены. Растительные ресурсы. 31 (1), 101–130.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Bakun P., Czarczynska-Goslinska B., Goslinski T., Lijewski S. 2021. In vitro and in vivo biological activities of azulene derivatives with potential applications in medicine. Med. Chem. Res. 30, 834–846. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-021-02701</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Murfin L.C., Lewis S.E. 2021. Azulene – a Bright core fore sensing and imaging. Molecules. 26 (2), 353–362. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020353</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Сергиевич Л.А. 2024. Исследование влияния азуленов как защитных факторов на жизнеспособность мышей. Актуальные вопросы биологической физики и химии. 9 (2), 168–173.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V., Shovkun M.M., Demidov V.E. 2024. Spectral search of azulene-containing plants of temperate climate as possible new biological resources for pharmacy. J. Med. Plant Herbs. 3 (3), 1–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V., Kraynyuk E.S. 2025. Spectral studies for the search for azulene-containing plants in dry subtropics of the Crimea. J. Plant Biol. Agron. 4, 1–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V., Soltani G.A. 2025. The study of seasonal changes of azulenes in Eucalyptus cinerea with spectral methods. Allelopathy J. 66 (1), 59–68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V. 2022. Possible role of azulene in plant life: Experiments with models. SMP Environ. Sci. Technol. 1, 1–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Яшин В.А. Куньев А.Р. 2023. Исcледование спектральных характеристик поверхности растительной клетки: присутствие азуленов и биогенных аминов. Биол. мембраны. 40 (5), 351–361. https://www.doi.org/10.31857/S0233475523050079</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V. 2023. Plant leaf surface as a sensory system in allelopathic relations: 1. Role of azulenes. Allelopathy J. 59 (2), 109–122. https://www.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2023-59-2-1435</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V. 1999. Mechanisms of cell-cell communication. In: Allelopathy Update. Ed. Narwal S.S. Vol. 2. Basic and Applied Aspects. Enfield (USA): Science Publisher, p. 4–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V. 2024. Azulenes in plant cell: Clover as their useful resource. Ann. Agricultur. Crop Scien. 9 (1), 02–07. https://www.doi.org/10.26420/ANNAGRICCROPSCI.2024.1147</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Robinson S.P., Edvards G.E., Walker D.A. 1979. Established methods for the isolation of intact chloroplasts. In: Plant Organelles. Ed. Reid E. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, p. 13–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В. 2006. Хемосигнализация в клетках растительных микроспор. Известия РАН. Серия биол. 4, 414–420.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Мельникова Е.В., Спиридонов Н.А., Ковалева Л.В. 1995. Азулены – синие пигменты пыльцы. Доклады РАН. 340 (5), 715–718.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Мельникова Е.В., Яшин В.А., Карнаухов В.Н. 2002. Автофлуоресценция интактных спор хвоща Equisetum arvense L. в процессе развития. Биофизика. 47 (2), 318–324.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Куньев А.Р, Фатерыга В.В., Шовкун М.М. 2023. Применение микроспектрофлуориметра/микроспектрофотометра для исследования поверхности растительных клеток. Актуальные вопросы биологической физики и химии. 8 (3), 137–142.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Золотарев В.М. 2012. Применение дифференцирования в спектроскопии отражения. Оптика и спектроскопия. 112 (1), 150–154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V. 2004. Cellular models to study the al- lelopathic mechanisms. Allelopathy J. 13 (1), 3–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Roshchina V.V., Yashin V.A., Yashina A.V., Goltyaev M.V. 2011. Colored allelochemicals in modelling of cell-cell al- lelopathic interactions. Allelopathy J. 28 (1), 1–12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Heilbronner E. 1959. Azulenes. In: Non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. Ed. D. Ginsburg. New York, London: Intersci. Publ., p. 171–276.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Рощина В.В., Мельникова Е., Гордон Р.Я., Коновалов Д.А., Кузин А.М. 1998. Исследование радиопротекторного действия проазуленов на хемосенсорной модели пыльцы Hippeastrum hybridum. Доклады РАН. 348 (4), 548–551.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Ueki J.-I., Sarfgami H., Wakabayashi H. 2013. Anti-UV activity of newly-synthesized water-soluble azulenes. In vivo. 27 (1), 119–126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Matěnová M., Lorelei Horhoiu V., Dang F.X., Pospíšil P., Alster J., Burda J.V., Balaban T.S., Pšenčík J. 2014. Energy transfer in aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll c self-assembled with azulene derivatives. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (31), 16755–16764. https://www.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01311e</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Lash T.D., Hayes M.J. 1997. Carbaporphyrins. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 36, 840–842. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199708401</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Lash T.D. 2016. Out of the Blue! Azuliporphyrins and related carbaporrhynoid systems. Acc. Chem. Res. 49 (3), 471–482. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00523</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Lash T.D. 2023. Organometallic chemistry within the structured environment provided by the macrocyclic cores of carbaporphyrins and related systems. Molecules. 28 (3), 1496. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031496</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Lash T.D., Chaney S.T. 1997. Azuliporphyrin, a case of borderline porphyrinoid aromaticity. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 36, 839–840.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Rajput S.S., Raghuvanshi N., Banana T., Yadav P., Alam M. 2024. Why does the orientation of azulene affect the two-photon activity of a porphyrinoid–azulene system? Phys. Chem., Chem. Phys. 26, 15611–15619.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
