<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Membrane and Cell Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биологические мембраны</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0233-4755</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5219</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">405975</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034521926010022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in Blood Rheological Properties during Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion and Treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменение реологических свойств крови в условиях ишемии/реперфузии головного мозга и при лечении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena.nikitina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. О</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayunova</surname><given-names>L. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баюнова</surname><given-names>Л. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukolyukova</surname><given-names>E. P</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуколюкова</surname><given-names>Е. П</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotareva</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарева</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Katiukhin</surname><given-names>L. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катюхин</surname><given-names>Л. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 43, NO1 ()</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 43, №1 ()</issue-title><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/0233-4755/article/view/405975">https://journals.rcsi.science/0233-4755/article/view/405975</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cerebral ischemia, a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide, is a critical condition in which impaired blood flow leads to oxygen deprivation and damage to nervous tissue. A key factor contributing to both cerebrovascular accidents and the development of reperfusion syndrome is changes in blood rheology. Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by significant hemorheological changes that exacerbate the disease. These include increased blood viscosity, increased red blood cell and platelet aggregation, and decreased red blood cell deformability. These changes lead to decreased blood flow, particularly in microcirculation, and promote thrombus formation, thereby increasing the volume of the ischemic lesion. The severity of these disturbances correlates with the severity of neurological disorders. Our study aims to investigate changes in blood rheology during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Using osmotic gradient ektacytometry, we studied the deformability of rat erythrocytes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which plays a key role in protecting cells from hypoxia, ischemia, and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that IGF-1 positively influences the reduced deformability of erythrocytes during ischemia/reperfusion, restoring it to control values.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ишемия головного мозга, являющаяся основной причиной высокой заболеваемости, инвалидизации и смертности во всем мире, представляет собой критическое состояние, при котором нарушение кровотока приводит к кислородному голоданию и повреждению нервной ткани. Важным фактором, участвующим как в нарушении мозгового кровообращения, так и в развитии реперфузионного синдрома, является изменение реологических свойств крови. При ишемии головного мозга наблюдаются значительные гемореологические сдвиги, которые усугубляют течение заболевания. К ним относятся: повышение вязкости крови, усиление агрегации эритроцитов и тромбоцитов, а также снижение деформируемости эритроцитов. Эти изменения приводят к замедлению кровотока, особенно в микроциркуляторном русле, и способствуют дальнейшему тромбообразованию, тем самым увеличивая объем ишемического очага. Выраженность этих нарушений коррелирует со степенью тяжести неврологических расстройств. Наше исследование направлено на изучение изменений реологических свойств крови при ишемии/реперфузии головного мозга и оценку эффективности метода лечения. С помощью метода осмотической градиентной эктацитометрии нами была исследована деформируемость эритроцитов крыс при ишемии/реперфузии головного мозга и в присутствии инсулиноподобного фактора роста (IGF-1), который играет важную роль в защите клеток от гипоксии, ишемии и окислительного стресса. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что IGF-1 положительно влияет на сниженную при ишемии/реперфузии деформируемость эритроцитов, восстанавливая ее до контрольных значений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemia/reperfusion</kwd><kwd>erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>deformability</kwd><kwd>insulin-like growth factor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемия/реперфузия</kwd><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>деформируемость</kwd><kwd>инсулиноподобный фактор роста</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 075-00264-26-00.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kayar E., Mat F., Meiselman H.J., Baskurt O.K. 2001. Red blood cell rheological alterations in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biorheology. 38 (5–6), 405–414.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Умеренков Д.А., Ермолинский П.Б., Луговцов А.Е., Дячук Л.И., Приезжев А.В. 2024. Оптические измерения микрореологических параметров крови и анализ их связи с ее вязкостью при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия Физика. 24 (4), 361–373.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Maslianitsyna A.I., Kadanova I.M., Neznanov A.I., Ermolinskiy P.B., Gurfinkel Yu.I., Piguenko A.A., Dyachuk L.I., Lugovtsov A.E., Priezzhev A.V. 2020. Microrheologic properties of blood and capillary blood flow in case of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: in vitro and in vivo optical assessment. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 9 (2), 53–63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Baskurt O.K. 2007. Mechanisms of blood rheology alterations. In: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics. Eds. Baskurt O.K., Hardeman M.R., Rampling M.W., Meiselman H.J. Amsterdam: IOS Press, p. 170–190.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Nemeth N., Peto K., Magyar Z., Klarik Z., Varga G., Oltean M., Mantas A., Czigany Z., Tolba R.H. 2021. Hemorheological and microcirculatory factors in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury–An update on pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms and protective strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1864. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041864</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Lipowsky H.H. 2005. Microvascular rheology and hemodynamics. Microcirculation. 12, 5–15. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10739680590894966</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Pries A.R., Secomb T.W. 2008. Blood flow in microvascular networks. In: Handbook of Physiology: Microcirculation. Eds. Tuma R.F., Duran W.N., Ley K. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, p. 3–36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Chandran K.B., Rittgers S.E., Yoganathan A.P. 2012. Rheology of blood and vascular mechanics. In: Biofluid Mechanics. Eds. Chandran K.B., Rittgers S.E., Yoganathan A.P. Boca Raton: CRC Press, p. 109–154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Juul A., Scheike T., Davidsen M., Gyllenborg J., Jorgensen T. 2002. Low serum insulin-like growth</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Zorina I.I., Avrova N.F., Zakharova I.O., Shpakov A.O. 2023. Prospects for the use of intranasally administered insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cerebral ischemia. Biochemistry (Mosc). 88 (3), 374—391. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.035</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Serhan A., Aerts J.L., Boddeke E.W.G.M., Kooijman R. 2020. Neuroprotection by insulin-like growth factor-1 in rats with ischemic stroke is associated with microglial changes and a reduction in neuroinflammation. Neuroscience. 1 (426), 101—114. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.035</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Molchanova S.M., Moskvin A.N., Zakharova I.O., Yurlova L.A., Nosova I.Y., Avrova N.F. 2005. Effects of two-vessel forebrain ischemia and of administration of indomethacin and quinacrine on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in various rat brain areas. J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 41, 39—46. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10893-005-0033-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Clark M.R., Mohandas N., Shohet S.B. 1983. Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: Comprehensive characterization of red cell volume and surface maintenance. Blood. 61, 899—910. https://www.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V61.5.899.899</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Da Costa L., Suner L., Galimand J., Bonnel A., Pascreau T., Couque N., Mohandas N. 2016. Diagnostic tool for red blood cell membrane disorders: Assessment of a new generation ektacytometer. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 56 (1), 9—22. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.09.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Llaudet-Planas E., Vives-Corrons J.L., Rizzuto V., Gómez-Ramírez P., Sevilla Navarro J., Coll Sibina M.T., Mañú-Pereira M.M. 2018. Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: A valuable screening test for hereditary spherocytosis and other red blood cell membrane disorders. Int. J. Lab. Hematol. 40 (1), 94—102. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.12746</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Katiukhin L.N. 2014. A method for evaluation of membrane permeability for water by the erythrocyte osmotic deformability profiles. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 157, 116—118. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-014-2505-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Nemeth N., Kiss F., Miszti-Blasius K. 2015. Interpretation of osmotic gradient ektacytometry (osmoscan) data: A comparative study for methodological standards. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 75 (3), 213—222. https://www.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2014.993695</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Трофимов А.В., Карасев А.А., Власова Т.И. 2023. Изменение кислородтранспортной способности гемоглобина больных с ишемическим инсультом. Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 22 (4), 50—55. https://www.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-4-50-55</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Conti E., Musumeci M.B., de Giusti M., Dito E., Mastromarino V., Autore C., Volpe M. 2011. IGF-1 and atherothrombosis: Relevance to pathophysiology and therapy. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 120, 377—402. https://www.doi.org/10.1042/CS20100400</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Abbas A., Grant P.J., Kearney M.T. 2008. Role of IGF-1 in glucose regulation and cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 6 (8), 1135—1149. https://www.doi.org/10.1586/14779072.6.8.1135</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>LeRoith D., Zumkeller W., Baxter R.C. 2003. Insulin-like growth factors: Medical intelligence unit. New York: Landes Bioscience, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 498 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Eshet R., Duz Z., Silbergeld A. 1991. Erythrocytes from patients with low serum concentrations of IGF-I have an increase in receptor sites for IGF-I. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh). 125 (4), 354—358. https://www.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1250354</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Волеводз Н.Н., Тощевикова A.K. 2000. СТГ и ИФР-1 при сахарном диабете: роль в патогенезе микрососудистых осложнений. Сахарный диабет. 1, 53—59.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Бочкарева С.С. 2016. Влияние АТФ и инсулиноподобного фактора роста 1 на кислородтранспортную функцию эритроцита. Дис. ... канд. биол. наук. М.: МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова. 172 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Uyuklu M., Meiselman H.J., Baskurt O.K. 2009. Effect of hemoglobin oxygenation level on red blood cell deformability and aggregation parameters. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 41, 179—188. https://www.doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1168</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Cicha I., Suzuki Y., Tateishi N., Maeda N. 2003. Changes of RBC aggregation in oxygenation-deoxygenation: pH dependency and cell morphology. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284, H2335—H2342. https://www.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01030.2002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Korei C., Szabo B., Varga A., Barath B., Deak A., Vanyolos E., Hargitai Z., Kovacs I., Nemeth N., Peto K. 2021. Hematological, micro-rheological, and metabolic changes modulated by local ischemic pre- and post-conditioning in rat limb ischemia-reperfusion. Metabolites. 11 (11), 776. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110776</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Grigorescu F., White M.F., Kahn C.R. 1983. Insulin binding and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of the insulin receptor solubilized from human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (22), 13708—13716.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Leykauf K., Treeck M., Gilson P.R., Nebl T., Braulke T., Cowman A.F., Gilberger T.W., Crabb B.S. 2010. Protein kinase A dependent phosphorylation of apical membrane antigen 1 plays an important role in erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite. PLoS Pathog. 6 (6), e1000941. https://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000941</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang W.R., He D.H., Zhu X.X., Zhong X.L., Pan X.P., Tao H.G., Zhou Y.P., Sheng L.X.B. 1988. Observations of erythrocyte insulin receptor and membrane microviscosity of erythrocyte in type II diabetics. Acta Physiologica Sinica. 40 (5), 518—522.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
