No 10 (2024)

The article discusses theoretical and methodological approaches to the transformation of the model of public governance in the context of global challenges of a socio-economic and geopolitical nature. The main stages of the evolution of the theory of public governance are investigated, and a meaningful description of modern key development trends is given. Special attention is paid to the problem of political and administrative dichotomy, achieving a balance between political and administrative functions of public governance in order to increase the validity of managerial decisions. In the course of the research, in addition to theoretical concepts and practices, the fundamental principles and prerequisites for improving the effectiveness of public governance in order to achieve the strategic goals of the country’s development are considered.

The article aims to uncover the relationship between the total national savings and real sector investment of the Russian economy, as well as to identify ways to ensure their dynamic alignment at an optimal level in the foreseeable future. In justifying the reasons and methods for overcoming the existing imbalance, the author emphasizes the impact of the paradox of thrift, which leads to deterioration of the investment climate due to people’s low consumer activity. Additionally, the article highlights the significant share of unorganized savings among Russians due to their lack of trust in the domestic financial system, their preference for keeping their savings in convertible currency, and the relative immaturity of the Russian stock market.

The article also explores the mechanism of the negative impact of the deficit (as well as the surplus) of the federal budget on the level of private and public investments in the domestic economy. The main focus of the article is on analyzing the reasons for the net capital outflow from Russia as a factor resulting in insufficient real investments compared to the level of domestic savings. This includes an examination of the contribution to this outflow not only from households and private companies but also from the government, which, during the pre-sanction period, preferred to invest the funds of sovereign wealth funds in financial assets of other countries instead of using them to stimulate investment in the national economy.

The article discusses the prospects for fulfilling the tasks of achieving the national development goals of Russia in relation to the engineering sector. The preconditions for their implementation and the necessary government measures are described.

Based on the values of target indicators for achieving national development goals, the ratio of the main structural elements of the domestic market of mechanical engineering products in the perspective of 2030 is calculated. A conclusion is made about the upcoming significant reduction in the volume of imports and the recovery increase in exports while maintaining the existing level of availability of mechanical engineering products in the domestic market.

The problem of changing the potential of the economy in these conditions is considered. The key role of recreating research competencies in domestic mechanical engineering is determined.

The article considers the employment of elderly citizens as one of the possible ways to solve the recently aggravated personnel problem caused by both the aging population and the falling birth rate. It has been established that, despite the gradually changing attitude of employers to older employees, a significant proportion of employers are still not ready to hire people of pre-retirement and retirement age, being convinced that employees over fifty years old are not ready for changes that require constant updating of knowledge. It is emphasized that the efficiency of older employees who are already working at enterprises is noted by both their colleagues and employers. Nevertheless, it’s young employees to whom employers usually provide the opportunity to undergo training in order to improve their professional qualifications, although people of all ages experience the need to update their professional knowledge and skills. Having analyzed the facts, the author comes to the conclusion that employers need to reconsider their attitude to the hiring of elderly citizens.