Specific changes in contractive functions and skeletal muscle architecture in humans in response to the use of two protocols of unmodulated neuro-muscular electrostimulation

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The purpose of this study was to study the effect of unmodulated low-frequency superficial of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of 30 and 60 min/day for 7 weeks on the force, velocity-strength properties of the triceps surae muscle (TS) and architecture (lengths and angles of fascicles) of human the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG). Many studies have examined the effect of training intensity (percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction — MVC) during NMES on muscle force response. However, no study has examined the effect of the number of NMES sessions per day over 7 weeks on changes in the TS strength. Ten healthy volunteers (23.2 ± 3.2 years; age range 18–28 years) volunteered for the study and were randomly assigned to group 1 (30 min NMES) and group 2 (60 min NMES) 5 times a day. NMES for a 7-week period, a total of 35 NMES workouts Isometric triceps calf strength was recorded with a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. The longitudinal ultrasonic images of the MG was measured in vivo using the B-mode Edge ultrasound system. After a 7-week training period, MVC and voluntary maximal “explosive” strength differed significantly between groups. Based on electrical stimulation parameters and healthy subjects in this study, electrical training caused an increase in foot extensor muscle strength and a gradient in voluntary explosive strength when used for 5 training per week for 30 min for 7 weeks.

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Yu. Koryak

Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: yurikoryak@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Standard sagittal ultrasound image of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MGM). The ultrasound probe was located above the muscle at 30% of the distance between the popliteal fold and the center of the lateral malleolus. Fiber length was measured along an ultrasonic signal line drawn parallel to the fiber between the deep and superficial aponeuroses. The inclination angle was measured as the angle formed by a line drawn parallel to the muscle fiber between the deep and superficial aponeuroses. The white line superimposed on the ultrasound image shows the fiber path between the superficial and deep aponeuroses. The angle (Θв) of inclination and length (Lв) of the fiber between the deep and superficial aponeuroses are presented. A marker () located between the ultrasonic transducer and the skin serves as a guide for the constancy of the transducer during measurements.

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3. Fig. 2. Change in the maximum joint moment of the foot extensor muscles in group 1 (30 min electrical stimulation (ECT)) and group 2 (60 min ECT) as a result of 7 weeks of unmodulated low-frequency “electrical” training with the maximum tolerated current intensity (A) and the dynamics of changes in the average (∆%) isometric maximum voluntary force (MVS) of the triceps surae muscle (TMG) for each week of 7-week unmodulated low-frequency “electrical” training for group 1 (30 min) and group 2 (60 min) of subjects (B ). * – p < 0.05.

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4. Fig. 3. Kinetics of changes in the strength of the foot extensor muscles during isometric voluntary “explosive” effort before and after 7 weeks of unmodulated low-frequency electrical stimulation “training” for group 1 (30 min) and group 2 (60 min) of subjects. * – p < 0.05.

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5. Fig. 4. Dynamics of changes in the averaged (∆%) current amplitude (V) of unmodulated electrical stimulation for each week of 7-week “electrical” training for group 1 (30 min ECT) and group 2 (60 min ECT).

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6. Fig. 5. Architecture of the triceps surae muscle. Dynamics of changes in the length (Lв) and angle (Θв) of the inclination of the fibers of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MGM) under the influence of 7-week “electrical” training for group 1 (30 min ECT) and group 2 (60 min ECT) subjects.

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7. Fig. 6. Change in the angle of inclination of the fibers of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MGM) during electrical stimulation (ECT) training. Individual data of subjects are presented during a 7-week unmodulated relatively low-frequency ECT training for group 1 (30 min, top panel) and group 2 (60 min, bottom panel) subjects.

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8. Fig. 7. Internal shortening of muscle fibers during contraction. Relationship between passive fiber length and estimated change in muscle length for MIM (neutral ankle position) before and after 7 weeks of unmodulated low-frequency electrical stimulation “training” for group 1 (30 min) and group 2 (60 min) subjects.

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