Influence of 21-day antiortostatic hypokinesia on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of human

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Abstract

The influence of antiorthostatic hypokinesia with an inclination angle relative to the horizon of -6 degrees for 21 days was used as a ground model of the physiological effects of weightlessness. 10 practically healthy male volunteers (30.7 ± 5.4 years, 78.0 ± 8.5 kg, 179.7 ± 5.3 cm) took part in the experimental study, who successfully passed the medical expert commission of the SSC RF-IMBP RAS, familiarized with the study program and signed a voluntary informed consent to participate in the study. The state of the musculoskeletal system was assessed according to the results of speed-strength testing on an isokinetic dynamometer before hypokinesia and on the 3rd day after its completion. Staying in conditions of 21-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia with a body inclination angle of –6° relative to the horizon, as a model of the physiological effects of weightlessness, leads to changes in the functional state of the musculoskeletal lower limbs which manifests itself during speed-strength testing after hypokinesia by a decrease in maximum voluntary force (MPF) of the knee joint extensor muscles from 9 to 15% compared with the base level. The decrease in MPF did not depend on a change in the force gradient, which reflects the ability to exert greater force in the shortest possible time. This indicated that the decrease in the MPF level after hypokinesia was mainly due to a change in the activity of slow motor units. At the same time, we assume that exposure to hypokinesia did not cause a significant change in the activity of fast motor units. This is confirmed by the results of the analysis of the electromyographic activity of the extensor muscles of the knee joint during testing on an isokinetic dynamometer. Also, after hypokinesia, the possibility of using muscle potential significantly decreased - the physiological cost of work increased with a decrease in strength indicators.

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About the authors

А. V. Shpakov

Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS; Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK)

Author for correspondence.
Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

G. К. Primachenko

ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН

Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Москва

А. V. Voronov

Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK)

Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Sokolov

Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK)

Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

А. A. Voronova

Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK)

Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

А. A. Puchkova

Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS

Email: avshpakov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Testing on the isokinetic dynamometer “BIODEX System 4 Pro”. A is the position of the subject in the dynamometer chair; B — location of electrodes for recording EMG of the muscles of the anterior surface of the thigh. 1 – m. vastus lateralis, 2 – m. rectus femoris, 3 – m. vastus medialis; B - test results, example of a printout from the SportLab PAK monitor.

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3. Fig. 2. Indicators of maximum voluntary strength of the knee extensor muscles before (BDC) and after (R + 3) 21-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH). 300 ... 30 – angular velocity of knee joint extension, degrees/s. * – p < 0.05 – differences are significant when comparing data before and after ANOG.

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4. Fig. 3. Indicators of the time to achieve the maximum moment of force of the extensor muscles of the knee joint when performing speed-strength testing before and after 21 days of anti-orthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH). The solid line indicates the results obtained before ANOG, the dotted line - on the 3rd day after ANOG.

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5. Fig. 4. Indicators of the strength gradient of the extensor muscles of the knee joint before and after 21 days of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH). The gray dots and line indicate the indicators obtained before ANOG, the black ones - after ANOG.

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