Interpretation of data about the impact of biologically active compounds on viability of cultured cells of various origin from a gerontological point of view

Аннотация

Problems related to the interpretation of data obtained during testing of potential geroprotectors in cytogerontological experiments are considered. It is emphasized that such compounds/physical factors should influence the processes leading to the age-related increase of death probability of multicellular organisms (primarily human, in whose aging gerontologists are mainly interested). However, in the authors’ opinion, compounds that can be used to treat age-related diseases can hardly be classified as geroprotectors. It is noted that, in the model systems using cultured cells, researchers usually evaluate their viability, the criteria of which strongly depend on the aging theory that is shared by the experimenters. In addition, it is very important what cells are used in the studies—normal or transformed cells of multicellular organisms, unicellular eukaryotic or prokaryotic organisms, etc. In particular, the biologically active compounds that decrease the viability of cultured cancer cells, similarly to the compounds that increase the viability of normal cultured cells, may increase the life span of experimental animals and humans. Various problems with interpretation of data obtained with the Hayflick model, the stationary phase aging model, and the cell kinetics model, as well as in experiments on evaluation of cell colony-forming efficiency, are analyzed. The approaches discussed are illustrated on the example of the results of gerontological studies of rapamycin, a well-known mTOR inhibitor. It is assumed that factors retarding the stationary phase aging (chronological aging) of cultured cells are, apparently, the most promising geroprotectors, although the specific mechanisms of their action may vary considerably.