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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4677</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5316</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">291236</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044467725010091</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ: 
ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВНЕШНИХ СТИМУЛОВ, ДВИГАТЕЛЬНАЯ 
АКТИВНОСТЬ, ОБУЧЕНИЕ И ПАМЯТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Learning-dependent BDNF levels in the rat medial prefrontal cortex: approach vs. withdrawal</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Связь уровней BDNF в медиальных зонах префронтальной коры крыс при научении с мотивацией формируемого поведения: достижение/избегание</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulava</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булава</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bulavaai@ipran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bulavaai@ipran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт психологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский институт психоанализа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-11"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-11"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/0044-4677/article/view/291236">https://journals.rcsi.science/0044-4677/article/view/291236</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents a comparison of changes in molecular markers of systemogenesis related to behavioral motivation: approach versus avoidance, differing in their stress levels. We conducted an immunohistochemical study of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult Long-Evans rats. Two groups were trained in a bar-pressing task: 1) to activate a food dispenser and obtain food (approach); 2) to terminate a shock and avoid pain (avoidance). The avoidance group showed significantly fewer BDNF-immunopositive cells in the prelimbic and infralimbic prefrontal cortex compared to the approach group. Furthermore, BDNF levels correlated with individual differences in anxiety and exploratory activity. We conclude that the medial prefrontal cortex is involved in both approach and avoidance behaviors, but to a significantly lesser extent in avoidance. The potential role of stress-induced neuroinflammation in these differences is discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье приведены результаты сравнения выраженности изменений молекулярных маркеров системогенеза при актуализации систем доменов опыта достижения и избегания, отличающихся уровнем вовлечения стресс-реализующих механизмов. С помощью анализа содержания нейротрофического фактора мозга (BDNF) в медиальных зонах префронтальной коры были получены различия, обусловленные мотивацией формируемого поведения: достижения или избегания. Работа проведена на взрослых крысах Long Evans. BDNF выявляли непрямым иммунопероксидазным методом на криогенных срезах мозга. После предварительного поведенческого фенотипирования были сформированы две группы обучения поведению нажатия на педаль: 1) для запуска кормушки и получения пищи; 2) для отключения тока и избегания боли. Количественный анализ иммунореактивности в прелимбической и инфралимбической зонах префронтальной коры выявил значимо меньшее число BDNF-иммунопозитивных клеток у животных группы обучения поведению избегания по сравнению с группой обучения поведению достижения. Также обнаружена связь уровня BDNF с индивидуальными различиями, такими как тревожность и исследовательская активность. Делается вывод о вовлечении медиальных зон префронтальной коры в обеспечение поведения достижения, а также поведения избегания, но в значимо меньшей степени. Обсуждается вероятная роль стресс-индуцированного нейровоспаления в полученных различиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemogenesis</kwd><kwd>behavioral phenotyping</kwd><kwd>learning</kwd><kwd>approach/withdrawal</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>medial prefrontal cortex</kwd><kwd>neurotrophins</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системогенез</kwd><kwd>поведенческое фенотипирование</kwd><kwd>научение</kwd><kwd>достижение/избегание</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>медиальная префронтальная кора</kwd><kwd>нейротрофины</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-18-00435</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Александров Ю.И. 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