Роль человеческого сывороточного альбумина в профилактике и лечении болезни Альцгеймера
- Авторы: Шевелёва М.П.1, Дерюшева Е.И.1, Немашкалова Е.Л.1, Мачулин А.В.2, Литус Е.А.1
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Учреждения:
- Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
- Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
- Выпуск: Том 84, № 2 (2023)
- Страницы: 83-97
- Раздел: Статьи
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0044-4596/article/view/136431
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044459623020069
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RAPODG
- ID: 136431
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Аннотация
Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) была и остается основной причиной развития деменции у возрастных пациентов. Данное нейродегенеративное заболевание характеризуется прогрессивным течением и относится к группе социально значимых. Существует несколько гипотез развития БА: тау-гипотеза, амилоидная гипотеза, холинергическая гипотеза, гипотезы окислительного стресса и воспаления. Отсутствие общепринятого представления об этиологии и патогенезе БА препятствует разработке новых эффективных способов ее лечения и профилактики. В клинической практике широко используются ингибиторы холинэстеразы, облегчающие симптомы заболевания, но не влияющие на его течение. В 2021 г. впервые был одобрен препарат для проведения патогенетической терапии БА (адуканумаб), способствующий снижению содержания β-амилоидного пептида (Аβ) в головном мозге пациентов. Другим перспективным подходом к терапии БА, направленным на выведение Аβ из центральной нервной системы пациента, является воздействие на человеческий сывороточный альбумин (ЧСА), который переносит 90% Аβ в сыворотке крови и 40–90% Аβ в цереброспинальной жидкости. В клинической практике уже был апробирован и показал свою эффективность плазмаферез с заменой собственного ЧСА на очищенный терапевтический препарат альбумина. Еще одним вариантом такого подхода является усиление взаимодействия ЧСА с Аβ посредством воздействия экзогенных и эндогенных лигандов ЧСА, таких как серотонин, ибупрофен и некоторые ненасыщенные жирные кислоты. Исследования in vivo подтверждают ассоциацию данной группы лигандов с патогенезом БА. Перечисленные вещества относятся к хорошо изученным естественным метаболитам или лекарственным препаратам, что существенно упрощает разработку новых методов терапии и профилактики БА с их использованием. В целом, новое направление научных исследований, посвященных изучению ЧСА в качестве переносчика и депо Аβ в крови и цереброспинальной жидкости, позволит расширить наши представления о метаболизме Аβ и его роли в патогенезе БА.
Об авторах
М. П. Шевелёва
Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
Email: ealitus@gmail.com
Россия, 142290, Московская обл., Пущино, Пр-т Науки, 3
Е. И. Дерюшева
Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
Email: ealitus@gmail.com
Россия, 142290, Московская обл., Пущино, Пр-т Науки, 3
Е. Л. Немашкалова
Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
Email: ealitus@gmail.com
Россия, 142290, Московская обл., Пущино, Пр-т Науки, 3
А. В. Мачулин
Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
Email: ealitus@gmail.com
Россия, 142290, Московская обл., Пущино, Пр-т Науки, 3
Е. А. Литус
Институт биологического приборостроения с опытным производством РАН, обособленное подразделение ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: ealitus@gmail.com
Россия, 142290, Московская обл., Пущино, Пр-т Науки, 3
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