Лейконихия, ассоциированная с наследственными синдромами
- Авторы: Саранюк Р.В.1,2, Полоников А.В.3, Гостева Т.А.1,4
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Учреждения:
- Общество интегративной дерматологии
- Кабинет дерматологии и венерологии «Derma Эксперт»
- Курский государственный медицинский университет
- Курчатовский центр современной медицины
- Выпуск: Том 101, № 4 (2025)
- Страницы: 17-26
- Раздел: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0042-4609/article/view/323784
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.25208/vdv16898
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/nwrrtp
- ID: 323784
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Аннотация
Лейконихия представляет собой появление на ногтевых пластинах участков белого цвета. Данный тип ониходистрофии имеет разные анатомические и морфологические типы и может быть обусловлен целым рядом как экзогенных, так и эндогенных факторов. Диагностика лейконихии как клинического симптома поражения ногтей не представляет трудностей. Однако в ряде случаев наличие у пациента поражения ногтей по типу лейконихии требует более пристального внимания. Если приобретенная лейконихия чаще всего является результатом механического повреждения матрицы ногтя, то врожденная лейконихия, помимо идиопатического течения, может быть одним из признаков тяжелой наследственной патологии. Врожденная лейконихия может выступать частью различных наследственных болезней и синдромов, являясь одним из признаков или обязательной составляющей заболевания. Несмотря на бессимптомное течение и отсутствие риска для жизни по сравнению с другими клиническими проявлениями наследственных синдромов и болезней, диагностика лейконихии может помочь врачам различных специальностей выявить синдромальную природу данного расстройства с дальнейшей организацией диагностического поиска других компонентов предполагаемого заболевания. Данный вопрос особенно важен при междисциплинарном взаимодействии врачей различных специальностей, особенно в случаях трудностей в постановке диагноза. В статье рассмотрены наследственные заболевания и синдромы, характеризующиеся наличием лейконихии у пациентов, представлена краткая информация об этиопатогенезе и клинической картине данных расстройств.
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Роман Владимирович Саранюк
Общество интегративной дерматологии; Кабинет дерматологии и венерологии «Derma Эксперт»
Email: roman.saranuk@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9676-1581
Россия, Курск; Курск
Алексей Валерьевич Полоников
Курский государственный медицинский университет
Email: polonikov@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6280-247X
SPIN-код: 6373-6556
д.м.н., профессор
Россия, КурскТатьяна Александровна Гостева
Общество интегративной дерматологии; Курчатовский центр современной медицины
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: ya-lisenok-@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0059-9159
Россия, Курск; Курчатов, Курская область
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