Volume 189, Nº 3 (2016)

We describe a Bäcklund transformation, i.e., a differentially related pair of differential equations, in a coordinate manner appropriate for calculations and applications. We present several known explanatory examples, including Bäcklund transformations for gauge fields in a Minkowski space of arbitrary dimension.

We consider the class of entire functions of exponential type in relation to the scattering theory for the Schrödinger equation with a finite potential that is a finite Borel measure. These functions have a special self-similarity and satisfy q-difference functional equations. We study their asymptotic behavior and the distribution of zeros.

We discuss several examples of generating apparent singular points as a result of differentiating particular homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with polynomial coefficients and formulate two general conjectures on the generation and removal of apparent singularities in arbitrary Fuchsian differential equations with polynomial coefficients. We consider a model problem in polymer physics.

We study instant conformal symmetry breaking as a holographic effect of ultrarelativistic particles moving in the AdS₃ space–time. We give a qualitative picture of this effect based on calculating the two-point correlation functions and the entanglement entropy of the corresponding boundary theory. We show that in the geodesic approximation, because of gravitational lensing of the geodesics, the ultrarelativistic massless defect produces a zone structure for correlators with broken conformal invariance. At the same time, the holographic entanglement entropy also exhibits a transition to nonconformal behavior. Two colliding massless defects produce a more diverse zone structure for correlators and the entanglement entropy.

We investigate the connection between the models of topological conformal theory and noncritical string theory with Saito Frobenius manifolds. For this, we propose a new direct way to calculate the flat coordinates using the integral representation for solutions of the Gauss–Manin system connected with a given Saito Frobenius manifold. We present explicit calculations in the case of a singularity of type A_n. We also discuss a possible generalization of our proposed approach to SU(N)_k/(SU(N)_k+1 × U(1)) Kazama–Suzuki theories. We prove a theorem that the potential connected with these models is an isolated singularity, which is a condition for the Frobenius manifold structure to emerge on its deformation manifold. This fact allows using the Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde approach to solve similar Kazama–Suzuki models.

We investigate the Fokker–Planck equation on an infinite cylindrical surface and in an infinite strip with reflecting boundary conditions, prove the existence of a positive (not necessarily integrable) solution, and derive various conditions on the vector field f that are sufficient for the existence of a solution that is the probability density. In particular, these conditions are satisfied for some vector fields f with integral trajectories going to infinity.

We consider the problem of one-dimensional symmetric diffusion in the framework of Markov random walks of the Weierstrass type using two-parameter scaling for the transition probability. We construct a solution for the characteristic Lyapunov function as a sum of regular (homogeneous) and singular (nonhomogeneous) solutions and find the conditions for the crossover from normal to anomalous diffusion.