Ultra-fast acting insulin analogs: superiority in the treatment of diabetes type 1 and type 2. A review

Ultra-fast acting insulin analogs were created to achieve a physiological profile of action with more rapid and pronounced initial insulin peak. The accelerated absorption of ultra-fast-acting insulin analogues results in a more rapid onset of action, with insulin concentrations reaching their peak in the bloodstream earlier compared to rapid-acting insulin analogues. This rapid peak of insulin action better matches the postprandial glucose absorption profile, resulting in improved glycemic control and a reduced risk of postprandial hyperglycemia. Thus, the rapid onset and offset of action of ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogues provides greater flexibility in adjusting insulin doses based on the carbohydrate content of meals and physical activity levels. A shorter duration of action allows for a reduction in the frequency of hypoglycemic events, which may improve overall quality of life and reduce the fear of hypoglycemia, which is a serious problem for many patients with diabetes. The use of ultra-fast-acting insulin analogues has shown its effectiveness in compensating postprandial hyperglycemia and reducing glucose variability in various patient groups, including patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, children and pregnant women, in addition, their use in closed-loop systems has promising results in improving glycemic outcomes.