Clinical characteristics and genetic profile of complement system in renal thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with severe forms of arterial hypertension
- Authors: Akaeva M.I.1,2, Kozlovskaya N.L.3,4, Bobrova L.A.1, Vorobyeva O.A.5, Stoliarevich E.S.6,7, Shatalov P.A.8, Smirnova T.V.9, Anan'eva A.O.10
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Affiliations:
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology
- Patrice Lumumba People’s Friendship University of Russia
- Yeramishantsev City Clinical Hospital
- National Center for Clinical Morphological Diagnostics
- Russian University of Medicine
- City Clinical Hospital №52
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases
- Mariinsky City Hospital
- Issue: Vol 96, No 6 (2024): Нефрология
- Pages: 571-579
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0040-3660/article/view/260069
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2024.06.202724
- ID: 260069
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Abstract
Background. The spectrum of diseases characterized by the development of renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) encompasses the malignant hypertension (MHT). TMA in MHT has conventionally been regarded as a variation of secondary TMA, the treatment of which is restricted to the stabilization of blood pressure levels, a measure that frequently fails to prevent the rapid progression to end-stage renal disease in patients. Nevertheless, there exists a rationale to suggest that, in certain instances, endothelial damage in MHT might be rooted in the dysregulation of the complement system (CS), thereby presenting potential opportunities for the implementation of complement-blocking therapy.
Aim. To study clinical manifestations and genetic profile of CS in patients with morphologically confirmed renal TMA combined with severe AH.
Materials and methods. 28 patients with morphologically verified renal TMA and severe AH were enrolled to the study. Patients with signs of microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia were not included in the study due to possible compliance with the criteria for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). The prevalence of rare genetic defects (GD) of the CS was assessed by molecular genetic analysis (search for mutations in the clinically significant part of the human genome – exome) by next-generation sequencing technology (NGS).
Results. GD of CS were detected in a quarter of patients. Rare genetic variants classified as “likely pathogenic” including defects in CFI, C3, CD46, CFHR4, CFHR5 genes were detected in five cases. Two patients were found to have chromosomal deletions containing CFH-related proteins genes (CFHR1, CFHR3).
Conclusion. Rare variants of CS genes linked to aHUS were found in 25% of patients with renal TMA, the genesis of which was originally thought to be secondary and attributed to MHT, with partial or complete absence of hematological manifestations of microangiopathic pathology. The key to confirming TMA associated with MHT, particularly in the absence of microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia, elucidating its nature, and potentially effective complement-blocking therapy in patients with GD of CS, appears to be a genetic study of CS combined with a morphological study of a renal biopsy.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Mariam I. Akaeva
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology
Author for correspondence.
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0224-663X
аспирант каф. внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.М. Склифосовского, врач-нефролог
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowNatalia L. Kozlovskaya
Patrice Lumumba People’s Friendship University of Russia; Yeramishantsev City Clinical Hospital
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4275-0315
д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. внутренних болезней с курсом функциональной диагностики и кардиологии им. В.С. Моисеева, рук. Центра помощи беременным женщинам с патологией почек и мочевыводящих путей
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowLarisa A. Bobrova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6265-4091
канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.М. Склифосовского
Russian Federation, MoscowOlga A. Vorobyeva
National Center for Clinical Morphological Diagnostics
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6946-6816
канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием нефропатологии и сложного морфологического диагноза
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgEkaterina S. Stoliarevich
Russian University of Medicine; City Clinical Hospital №52
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0402-8348
д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. нефрологии, врач-нефролог высшей квалификационной категории, патологоанатом
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowPetr A. Shatalov
National Medical Research Radiological Centre
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5374-8547
канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. молекулярно-биологических исследований
Russian Federation, ObninskTatiana V. Smirnova
Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5137-6786
канд. мед. наук, врач-офтальмолог
Russian Federation, MoscowAnastasiia O. Anan'eva
Mariinsky City Hospital
Email: 0510_mary@mail.ru
врач-нефролог
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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