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Том 2019, № 1 (2019)
- Жылы: 2019
- Мақалалар: 13
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0036-0295/issue/view/10540
Article
Bloomery Processing of Oxidized Magnesia Nickel Ores
Аннотация
The bloomery reduction roasting of oxidized magnesia nickel ores with flux additions, which is intended to manufacture ferronickel, is studied. The influence of the charge composition, the roasting temperature, and the iron content in slag on the technological properties of slag and the coarsening of metallic particles with the formation of ferronickel balls is investigated. The challenging problems related to the characteristic features of bloomery process, in particular, the formation of slag skull in the temperature range 1000–1250°C during reduction roasting in a rotary kiln, and approaches to their elimination are discussed in detail.
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Effect of Cerium and Erbium on the Aging Kinetics and the Properties of an IMV7-1 Alloy of the Mg–Y–Gd–Zr System
Аннотация
The effect of additional alloying of an IMV-7 alloy of the Mg–Y–Gd–Zr system with other rare-earth metals, in particular, cerium and erbium, is studied. The hardness and the electrical resistivity of the alloys, which characterize the kinetics of supersaturated solid solution decomposition upon aging at 200°C, are presented. The hardness and the mechanical properties of the alloys at high temperatures (250, 300°C) are measured. The microstructure of the alloys after heat treatment is examined. Cerium in the content range under study is found to exert no effect on the properties of alloys, such as IMV7-1, whereas erbium is undesirable and can decrease their hardening upon aging.
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Comparative Analysis of the Ternary Al–Si–X and Al–Cu–X (X = Sn, Pb, Bi, Cd, In) Systems in the Aluminum Alloy Range
Аннотация
Thermodynamic calculations are used to study the phase compositions of Al–Si–X and Al–Cu–X alloys, where X is a low-melting metal (Sn, Pb, Bi, Cd, In). Poly- and isothermal sections are used to determine the temperatures of invariant monotectic reactions. The formation of globular low-melting phase inclusions in heating at 500°C is found by experimental techniques.
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Simulation of the Energy–Force Parameters of Planetary Ball Mill Processing and Estimation of Their Influence on the Particle Size in an AMg2 Alloy/Graphite Composite Powder
Аннотация
The motion dynamics of the milling bodies in the working chamber of a planetary ball mill is simulated. Numerical data on the influence of the processing conditions in a planetary ball mill (carrier rotation frequency) on the motion trajectory and the energy–force parameters of the contact interaction of the milling bodies between each other and the working chamber wall are obtained. The influence of the carrier rotation frequency and the processing time in a planetary ball mill on the particle size in the synthesized composite powder based on an AMg2 alloy reinforced by 10 wt % graphite is experimentally studied. The calculated and experimental data are compared to determine the collision power of the milling bodies (more than 0.005 W) that provides effective processing of the composite powder in a planetary ball mill.
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Embrittlement of an Orthorhombic Ti2AlNb-Based Titanium Alloy in a Hydrogenated State
Аннотация
A rapidly quenched intermetallic VTI-4 titanium alloy, which is based on the orthorhombic Ti2AlNb phase and is formed by extraction from a molten hanging drop, has been hydrogenated. The phase composition and the microhardness of the alloy saturated to various hydrogen contents are studied. To study the opportunities of producing a fine alloy powder, fibers are ground in a ball mill. The alloy in the rapidly quenched β single-phase state is found to exhibit a high plasticity and is not fragmented upon ball milling, and sharp fiber embrittlement is observed as the alloy is saturated to a high hydrogen content (0.88 wt %). In this hydrogenated state, the alloy has a high hardness and its phase composition consists of the hydrogen-rich Ti2AlNb phase.
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Effect of a Thermomechanical Action on the Structure and the Mechanical Properties of the Welded Joints of a Hot-Rolled Austenitic Nitrogen-Bearing Steel
Аннотация
The microstructure the fine structure, and the mechanical properties of the welded joints of 10‑mm-thick rolled sheets made of a new high-nitrogen corrosion-resistant 04Kh20N6G11M2AFB steel. These joints are formed by manual arc welding using an EA-868/20 welding electrode (10Kh19N23G2M5FAT steel) and are then subjected to thermal mechanical straightening. The straightening conditions that provide a high level of the properties of a welded joint are found.
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Nonuniformity of the Crystallographic Texture and the Mechanical Properties of the Austenitic Steel 316L Plates Formed by Selective Laser Melting of a Powder
Аннотация
The steel 316L plates formed by selective laser melting of a powder are found to have a sharp texture, which is close to the {001}\(\left\langle {100} \right\rangle \) cube texture, and the texture intensity and the deflection of texture from external plate directions change across the plate width differently in plates of different thicknesses. The mechanical properties determined by nanoindentation are also nonuniform over the plate width. The nonuniformity of texture and microhardness is assumed to be related to the changes in the plate growth conditions in printing, such as the heating and cooling rates, the direction of laser beam action, the heat removal direction in plates of different thicknesses, and the shape of the molten pool. The crystallographic texture is shown to be a sensitive indicator of all plate growth processes; therefore, it can be used to optimize the parameters that determine the properties of the plates.
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Effect of Quenching on the Microhardness of Steels
Аннотация
The microhardness of a number of annealed and quenched steels are measured in the temperature range 20–500°С. The temperature range of their application in the quenched state is determined. The experimental data are processed by the least squares method to derive approximating equations for the temperature dependences of the microhardness of the steels.
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Structure and Microporosity of Ion-Plasma Condensed Coatings Deposited from a Two-Phase Vacuum-Arc Discharge Plasma Flow Containing Evaporated Material Microdroplets
Аннотация
The structure of “thick” (up to 100 μm) condensed ion-plasma multicomponent coatings deposited from a two-phase vacuum-arc metallic plasma flow containing “liquid” and “solid” microdroplets of an evaporated material has been studied. The structure of the coatings is shown to be dependent on the operating conditions of the vacuum-arc evaporator cathode (radiative or forced cathode cooling), the evaporator current, the bias voltage, and the substrate temperature. The existence of solid microdroplets of the evaporated material in a plasma flow leads to the formation of growth defects in the condensate and, hence, open microporosity in the coatings. A number of techniques, which enable a significant decrease in the microporosity of the ion-plasma coatings, have been proposed.
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Interaction of Exogenous Zirconia Nanoparticles with Tin in Model Complex Nickel Alloys
Аннотация
The interaction of exogenous refractory compound ZrO2 nanoparticles with model multicomponent nickel alloys, which contain harmful tin surfactant impurities, is studied. The removal of the surfactant from the metal after the introduction of ZrO2 nanoparticles is shown to depend on the time of isothermal holding in an induction furnace. The degree of tin removal is 15–28 rel %.
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Some Features of the Nickel Passivation Mechanism during Direct Current Polarization in Sulfuric Acid Solutions
Аннотация
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Effect of Alloying Elements on the Wetting of Graphitized Carbon with Copper Alloys
Аннотация
The influence of various alloying elements on the wetting of graphitized carbon with copper-based alloys is considered. The effect of alloying titanium, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, tungsten, nickel, chromium, niobium, and phosphorus on the surface activity and the contact angle of wetting a carbon substrate with the copper melt is described.
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Cyclic Supercooling of Liquid Bismuth Drops during Solidification
Аннотация
The laws of changing the presolidification supercooling of bismuth drops during continuous thermal cycling were studied by thermal analysis in the temperature–time coordinates. A sawtooth cyclic dependence of the supercooling on the sequence of heating and cooling cycles, which is described by a Fourier function, is detected. An expression is derived for the energy of coagulation of nuclei, and it is used to find a relation between the experimental and calculated supercoolings. The obtained results are interpreted in terms of a cluster-coagulation solidification model and the anomalous properties of bismuth in melting and solidification.
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