<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Eurasian Soil Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Eurasian Soil Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Почвоведение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0032-180X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5618</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">137823</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0032180X22700010</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JKRNSZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOIL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ ПОЧВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rhizosphere Effect and Bacterial Community Structure in Horizons of Podzolic Soil under Spruce Plants (<italic>Picea abies</italic> L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ризосферный эффект и структура бактериального сообщества в горизонтах подзолистой почвы под растениями ели обыкновенной (<italic>Picea abies</italic> L.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevdokimov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ilyaevd@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ilyaevd@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykhovets</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быховец</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ilyaevd@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, И.В. Евдокимов, М.В. Семенов, С.С. Быховец</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, И.В. Евдокимов, М.В. Семенов, С.С. Быховец</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">И.В. Евдокимов, М.В. Семенов, С.С. Быховец</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">И.В. Евдокимов, М.В. Семенов, С.С. Быховец</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/0032-180X/article/view/137823">https://journals.rcsi.science/0032-180X/article/view/137823</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181325072432">The relationships between the rhizosphere effects, allocation in soil horizons and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil of Retisol under spruce trees (Tver region, Russia) were studied. The rhizosphere factors (<italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic>) expressed as ratios of soil characteristics in the rhizosphere to that in the bulk soil were determined for the basic indices of microbial respiration, biomass and available nutrients pools in the top AEL (3–15 cm) and deep EL horizons (15–46 cm). The most prominent rhizosphere effects (<italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> &gt; 1.6) were revealed for microbial biomass C, basal respiration, and SOM turnover rate. <italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> value for the SOM turnover rate in humus AEL horizon was approximately 1.5, while in the EL horizon it reached 6. The Rhizosphere had higher microbial diversity, with a significant contribution of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including representatives of <italic>Acidobacteria</italic>, <italic>Alphaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Betaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Gammaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Solibacteres</italic> and <italic>Spartobacteria</italic>. The Gram-positive orders <italic>Bacillales</italic> and <italic>Clostridiales</italic> predominated in the bulk soil, with the relative contributions of more than 80 and 50% for the AEL and EL horizons, respectively. Based on the number of microbial activity indices with high <italic>R<sub>f</sub> </italic>values (three for the lower EL horizon and only one for the upper humus AEL horizon), the rhizosphere of the lower horizon is probably more pronounced “hot spot” of biological activity than that in the top soil layer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181325069696">На экспериментальных площадках Центрального лесного государственного заповедника (Тверская область, Россия) исследовали взаимосвязь между величинами ризосферного фактора <italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> для ряда индикаторов биологической активности в почве, принадлежностью ризосферы ели (<italic>Picea abies</italic> L.) к почвенному горизонту и структурой микробного сообщества ризосферы ели и внекорневой почвы. Объектами исследования стали гумусовый AEL (3–15 см) и элювиальный EL (15–46 см) горизонты подзолистой почвы (Retisol) под ельником. Наиболее выраженный ризосферный эффект (<italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> &gt; 1.6) был выявлен для углерода микробной биомассы, дыхания почвенных микроорганизмов и скорости оборачиваемости почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ). Величина <italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> для скорости оборачиваемости ПОВ в гумусовом горизонте AEL оказалась примерно равной 1.5, в то время как в горизонте EL она достигала 6. В ризосфере было выявлено значительно большее микробное разнообразие, с высоким вкладом как грамположительных, так и грамотрицательных бактерий, включая представителей <italic>Acidobacteria</italic>, <italic>Alphaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Betaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Gammaproteobacteria</italic>, <italic>Solibacteres </italic>и<italic> Spartobacteria</italic>. В неризосферной почве доминировали грамположительные порядки <italic>Bacillales</italic> и <italic>Clostridiales</italic> с общим вкладом более чем 80 и 50% для горизонтов AEL и EL соответственно. Судя по количеству показателей микробной активности с высокими величинами <italic>R<sub>f</sub></italic> (3 для нижнего почвенного горизонта EL и только 1 – для верхнего гумусового горизонта AEL), ризосферу нижнего горизонта можно считать более ярко выраженной “горячей точкой” (“hot spot”) биологической активности, чем ризосферу верхнего горизонта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subsoil</kwd><kwd>microbial biomass</kwd><kwd>kinetic respiration constants</kwd><kwd>microbial diversity</kwd><kwd>structure of soil microbial community</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробная биомасса</kwd><kwd>кинетические константы дыхания</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>структура почвенного микробного сообщества</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят д. б. н., заведующую кафедрой химии почв факультета почвоведения МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова И.И. Толпешту за помощь в организации отбора и транспортировки почвенных образцов.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бабьева И.П., Зенова Г.М. Биология почв. М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 1989. 336 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Благодатская Е.В., Семенов М.В., Якушев А.В. Активность и биомасса почвенных микроорганизмов в изменяющихся условиях окружающей среды. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2016. 243 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Евдокимов И.В. Динамика ризосферного эффекта в почве // Почвоведение. 2013. № 6. С. 715–724.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Евдокимов И.В., Юсупов И.А., Ларионова А.А., Быховец С.С., Глаголев М.В., Шавнин С.А. Тепловое воздействие факела попутного газа на биологическую активность почвы // Почвоведение. 2017. № 12. С. 1485–1493.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Семенов М.В., Манучарова Н.А., Краснов Г.С., Никитин Д.А., Степанов А.Л. Биомасса и таксономическая структура микробных сообществ в почвах правобережья р. Оки // Почвоведение. 2019. № 8. С. 974–985.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Семенов М.В., Манучарова Н.А., Степанов А.Л. Распределение метаболически активных представителей прокариот (архей и бактерий) по профилям чернозема и бурой полупустынной почвы // Почвоведение. 2016. № 2. С. 239–248.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Семенов М.В., Никитин Д.А., Степанов А.Л., Семенов В.М. Структура бактериальных и грибных сообществ ризосферного и внекорневого локусов серой лесной почвы // Почвоведение. 2019. № 3. С. 355–369.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Соколова Т.А., Толпешта И.И., Лысак Л.В., Завгородняя Ю.А., Чалова Т.С., Карпухин М.М., Изосимова Ю.Г. Биологические характеристики и содержание подвижных соединений Fe, Al и Si в ризосфере ели в подзолистой почве // Почвоведение. 2018. № 11. С. 1330–1339.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Anderson J.P.E., Domsch K.H. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 1978. V. 10. P. 215–221.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Angst G., Messinger J., Greiner M., Häusler W., Hertel D., Kirfel K., Kögel-Knabner I., Leuschner C., Rethemeyer J.C.W. Soil organic carbon stocks in topsoil and subsoil controlled by parent material, carbon input in the rhizosphere, and microbial-derived compounds // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2018. V. 122. P. 19–30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bhattacharyya P.N., Jha D.K. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture // World J. Microbiology Biotechnology. 2012. V. 28. P. 1327–1350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Blagodatsky S.A., Heinemeyer O., Richter J. Estimating the active and total soil microbial biomass by kinetic respiration analysis // Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2000. V. 32. P. 73–81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Brinton W.F. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis: a robust indicator for soil health? // Agricultural Research &amp; Technology: Open Access J. 2020. V. 24. P. 00018–00020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Brookes P.C., Landman A., Pruden G., Jenkinson D.S. Chloroform fumigation andrelease of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 1985. V. 17. P. 837–843.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Caporaso J.G., Kuczynski J., Stombaugh J., Bittinger K., Bushman F.D., Costello E.K., Fierer N., Peña A.G., Goodrich J.K., Gordon J.I., Huttley G.A. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data // Nature Methods. 2010. V. 7. P. 335–336.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Y.M., Wang M.K., Zhuang S.Y., Chiang P.N. Chemical and physical properties of rhizosphere and bulk soils of three tea plants cultivated in Ultisols // Geoderma. 2006. V. 136. P. 378–387.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Colin Y., Nicolitch O., Van Nostrand J.D., Zhou J.Z., Turpault M.P., Uroz S. Taxonomic and functional shifts in the beech rhizosphere microbiome across a natural soil toposequence // Scientific Reports. 2017. V. 7. P. 1–17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Fierer N., Schimel J.P., Holden P.A. Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2003. V. 35. P. 167–176.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Hartmann A., Rothballer M., Schmid M. Lorenz Hiltner, a pioneer in rhizosphere microbial ecology and soil bacteriology research // Plant and Soil. 2008. V. 312. P. 7–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Klindworth A., Pruesse E., Schweer T., Peplies J., Quast C., Horn M., Glöckner F.O. Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies // Nucleic Acids Research. 2013. V. 41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kuzyakov Y., Blagodatskaya E. Microbial hotspots and hot moments in soil: Concept &amp; review // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2015. V. 83. P. 184–199.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kuzyakov Y., Razavi B.S. Rhizosphere size and shape: temporal dynamics and spatial stationarity // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2019. V. 135. P. 343–360.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Li H., Yang S., Semenov M.V., Yao F., Ye J., Bu R., Ma R., Lin J., Kurganova I., Wang X., Deng Y., Kravchenko I., Jiang Y., Kuzyakov Y. Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is linked with a K-selected microbial community. Global Change Biology. 2021. V. 27. P. 2763–2779.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Li J., Zhou M., Alaei S., Bengtson P. Rhizosphere priming effects differ between Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine seedlings cultivated under two levels of light intensity // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2020. V. 145. P. 107788.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Malik A.A., Martiny J.B., Brodie E.L., Martiny A.C., Treseder K.K., Allison S.D. Defining trait-based microbial strategies with consequences for soil carbon cycling under climate change // ISME J. 2020. V. 14. P. 1–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Peixoto L., Elsgaard L., Rasmussen J., Kuzyakov Y., Banfield C.C., Dippold M.A., Olesen J.E. Decreased rhizodeposition, but increased microbial carbon stabilization with soil depth down to 3.6 m // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2020. V. 150. P. 108008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Philippot L., Raaijmakers J.M., Lemanceau P., Van Der Putten W.H. Going back to the roots: the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere // Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2013. V. 11. P. 789–799.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Raynaud X. Soil properties are key determinants for the development of exudate gradients in a rhizosphere simulation model // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2010. V. 42. P. 210–219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Semenov M.V., Chernov T.I., Tkhakakhova A.K., Zhelezova A.D., Ivanova E.A., Kolganova T.V., Kutovaya O.V. Distribution of prokaryotic communities throughout the Chernozem profiles under different land uses for over a century // Applied Soil Ecology. 2018. V. 127. P. 8–18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Semenov M.V., Krasnov G.S., Semenov V.M., van Bruggen A.H. Long-term fertilization rather than plant species shapes rhizosphere and bulk soil prokaryotic communities in agroecosystems // Applied Soil Ecology. 2020. V. 154. P. 103641.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Semenov M.V., Krasnov G.S., Semenov V.M., van Bruggen A.H. Mineral and Organic Fertilizers Distinctly Affect Fungal Communities in the Crop Rhizosphere // J. Fungi. 2022. V. 8. P. 251.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Uroz S., Oger P., Tisserand E., Cébron A., Turpault M.P., Buée M., De Boer W., Leveau J.H.J., Frey-Klett P. Specific impacts of beech and Norway spruce on the structure and diversity of the rhizosphere and soil microbial communities // Scientific Reports. 2016. V. 6. P. 1–11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Vance E.D., Brookes P.C., Jenkinson D.S. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 1987. V. 19. P. 703–707.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Yang S., Wu X., Wang Z., Semenov M.V., Ye J., Yin L., Wang X., Kravchenko I., Semenov V., Kuzyakov Y., Jiang Y., Li H. Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is linked with a K-selected microbial community // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2022. V. 172. P. 108758.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Yevdokimov I.V., Ruser R., Buegger F., Marx M., Munch J.C. Microbial immobilisation of 13C rhizodeposits in rhizosphere and root-free soil under continuous 13C labelling of oats // Soil Biology &amp; Biochemistry. 2006. V. 38. P. 1202–1211.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
