Mineralogy of Quaternary Sediments from the Valley of Vema Fracture Zone (Central Atlantic)

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

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Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

The content of sediment forming minerals in two cores from the eastern (ANS45-37) and western (ANS45-48) parts of the Vema transform fault valley is studied using the semi-quantitative XRD analysis of bulk powder sediment samples. The mineral composition of deep-sea sediments from the Amazone cone is also analyzed for comparison. It appeared that the average composition of the terrigenous component of both cores (according to prevailing quartz, secondary mica, plagioclase and potassium feldspar, as well as smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, illite) is quite similar and approximately corresponds to the composition of sediments from the Amazon cone. The ratio of four clay minerals suggests the supply of terrigenous material to the Amazon and Orinoco due to the erosion of the Andes and humid tropical weathering in the lower course of the rivers with further transportation of the suspended load to the ocean. This material was transported to the Vema transform valley due to the interplay between the gravity flows from the South American continental slope and the current of the Antarctic Bottom Water. Data on biogenic calcite (planktic foraminiferal tests, nannofossils) and opal A (radiolarians, sponge spicules) are obtained in addition. In the study area, several authigenic (diagenetic) minerals are identified. In particular, siderite and greigite are first found in the sediments from the Vema valley and Amazon cone, respectively.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

I. Murdmaa

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru
Ресей, Moscow

O. Dara

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru
Ресей, Moscow

M. Lykova

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru
Ресей, Moscow

D. Borisov

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru
Ресей, Moscow

E. Ivanova

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: e_v_ivanova@ocean.ru
Ресей, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. (a) Bathymetric scheme of the study area [27] showing the location of sampling stations, directions of the main surface currents and the AADW current, assumed directions of gravity flows and sediment transport from the Amazon by surface currents. NBT - North Brazilian Current; NEPT - Northern Equatorial Countercurrent; AADW - Antarctic Bottom Water. (b) Location of the study area indicating the position of the main channels of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, inferred directions of AADW flow, gravity flows and direction of sediment transport from the Amazon by surface currents. (c) Bathymetric scheme of the western part of the Vima Valley Transform [45] with indication of the position of the sediment sampling station, assumed AADV flow directions, and gravity flow directions. 1 - directions of surface currents; 2 - direction of AADV flow; 3 - sediment sampling station; 4 - deepwater drilling well; 5 - direction of sediment gravity flows; 6 - direction of sediment transport from the Amazon under the action of surface currents

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3. Fig. 2. Content of all minerals in the ANS45-37 column compared to the average grain size and magnetic susceptibility

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4. Fig. 3. Content of all minerals in the ANS45-48 column compared to the average grain size and magnetic susceptibility

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5. Fig. 4. Relative content of clay minerals assuming their sum of 100% in the ANS45-37 column compared to average grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and biogenic calcite content

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6. Fig. 5. Relative content of clay minerals assuming their sum of 100% in the ANS45-48 column compared to average grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and biogenic calcite content

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7. Fig. 6. Diffractograms of sediment samples from columns (a) ANS45-37 from the eastern and (b) ANS45-48 from the western part of the Vima transform fault valley, (c) sediment samples from the Amazon River outflow cone region

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8. Fig. 7. Content of biogenic components in column ANS45-37 in conventional units (c.u.)

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9. Fig. 8. Content of biogenic components in column ANS45-48 in conventional units (c.u.)

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10. Fig. 9. Microphotographs of mortality slides showing different biomorphic objects composed of calcite (a, d) and opal A (b, c). a - Discoaster broweri, ANS45-37, 20 cm; b - spicula, AI-4126, slaughter; c - spicula, ANS45-48, 40 cm; d - Discoaster pentaradiatus, ANS45-37, 10 cm

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