Microwave synthesis of nanosized model substances and sorption materials. Application to geochemical research

Resumo

New methods were developed to synthesize nanosized phases for experimental study of the migration behavior of elements in natural conditions. The colloidal forms of palladium, platinum, and gold were obtained by microwave hydrothermal synthesis and stabilized by natural organic matters; their behavior at the contact with components of geochemical barriers is studied in model experiments. New approaches were proposed for designing sorption materials on the basis of nanosized magnetite. Polyfunctional sorbents with “core–multilayer shell” structure are synthesized by covalent and/or non-covalent immobilization of reagents on the surface of magnetic carrier under microwave heating. These sorbents are suitable for simultaneous or independent preconcentration the analytes of different nature under the analysis of aqueous media. The composition, structure, and sorption properties of new materials are investigated. The trace amounts of phenol derivatives and heavy metals were determined in waters to demonstrate the applicability of obtained sorbents for ecological studies.