Influence of the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera, Aphididae) on productive qualities of spring bread wheat and barley grown from the seeds from aphid-infested spikes

Аннотация

The aftereffects of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis noxia on sowing and productive qualities of barley and spring bread wheat grain were assessed. Seeds of 4 cultivars of barley (Volgar, Povolzhsky 65, Kazak, and Povolzhsky 16) and 4 cultivars of spring wheat (Kinelskaya 59, Kinelskaya Otrada, Kinelskaya Niva, and Kinelskaya 2010) from spikes infested and uninfested with RWA in 2007 and in 2014 were sown in the subsequent years, using 0.5 m² experimental plots in four replications, at a seeding rate of 300 grains/m². The least significant difference (LSD_0.5) was used to compare the mean ± standard deviation (SD) values. The field germination rate of seeds from spring wheat spikes damaged by RWA was reduced by 15%. Of the components of grain yield, barley and spring wheat grown from seeds from the infested spikes showed a 23-31% smaller number of productive tillers before harvesting, a 16% smaller number of grains per spike, a 13-16% lower grain weight per spike, and a total yield loss of 33-42%. In hulless bread wheat RWA fed on the developing kernels inflicting greater damage, whereas the hulled barley seeds were practically not damaged. The mean yield loss of the barley and spring wheat spikes infested with RWA was 24-32% and 50-66%, respectively. Due to the greater tillering capacity and formation of secondary productive tillers in barley, about 52% of the productive barley tillers and 37-39% of spring wheat ones were infested with RWA, which resulted in a comparable yield loss (20-25% in barley and 19-23% in spring wheat). Resistance to RWA was higher in spring wheat and barley cultivars with a shorter vegetation period, looser spikes, and thinner culm walls. The length of productive tillers damaged by RWA was reduced by 21-28%, which determined a lower incidence of leaf diseases.