Effect of Invasive Species of Herbaceous Plants and Associated Aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) on the Structure of Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Resumo

—In 2015–2017, attendance of 15 invasive and 22 native species of herbaceous plants by ants was studied in 6 habitats in the environs of Kyiv (Ukraine). Altogether, 14 ant species were found, of which 12 were recorded on invasive plants and 9 on native plants; 8 aphid species were found on 8 invasive plant species. Five invasive plant species (Asclepias syriaca, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Oenothera biennis, Onopordum acanthium, and Amaranthus retroflexus) were found to be attractive to ants, with over a half of all the ant workers in all the habitats being recorded on them; besides, numerous colonies of 7 aphid species were also found on these plants. These invasive plants positively affect the structure of ant assemblages since the aphid colonies provide ants with food resource. The remaining 10 invasive plant species, including 5 transformer species, were poorly visited by ants and housed no aphid colonies, with the exception of Conyza canadensis on which the non-myrmecophilous aphid Uroleucon erigeronense (Thomas, 1878) was found. Two thirds of invasive plant species had a negative effect on the structure of ant assemblages because they replaced the native plants and thus reduced the trophic resources of aphids.