Lignin conversion to hydrogen-containing gas under the action of microwave radiation

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The paper describes the carbon dioxide reforming of lignin in the presence of Ni-, Fe, and Ni/Fe-containing active components formed directly on the surface under microwave irradiation. The deposition of 0.1 wt % iron acetylacetonate on the lignin surface results in a sharp increase in the microwave absorption capacity at a 0.5 kW power and induces lignin conversion to hydrogen-containing gas with a degree of hydrogen recovery reaching 90 %. The maximum lignin conversion (65%) is attained in 10 min under microwave irradiation. It was shown for the first time that deposition of metals (Fe and Ni) on lignin can provide for targeted change of the selectivity of reforming to synthesis gas and the process can thus be classified as a plasma catalytic one. Using the obtained results, it is possible to minimize the amount of catalyst and to propose an efficient route for hydrogen and synthesis gas production from lignin waste.